Literary works related to nature.  man and nature in works of art

Writing an essay in the Unified State Exam is one of the most difficult stages for a future student. As a rule, testing part “A” does not present any problems, but many people have difficulties with writing an essay. Thus, one of the most common problems that are covered in the Unified State Exam is the problem of respect for nature. Arguments, their clear selection and explanation - main task a school student taking an exam in the Russian language.

Turgenev I. S.

Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” is still very popular among both the younger generation and their parents. This is where the issue of caring for nature comes into play. Arguments in favor of the topic addressed are as follows.

The main idea of ​​the work in the field of environmental protection is: “People forget where they were born. They forget that nature is their original home. It was nature that allowed the birth of man. Despite such profound arguments, every person does not pay due attention to the environment. But all efforts should be aimed at preserving it first and foremost!”

Bazarov's attitude to nature

The main figure here is Evgeny Bazarov, who is not concerned about caring for nature. This man’s arguments sound like this: “Nature is a workshop, and man is a worker here.” It is difficult to argue with such a categorical statement. Here the author shows a renewed mind modern man, and, as you can see, he succeeded perfectly! Nowadays, arguments in favor of protecting the environment are more relevant in society than ever!

Turgenev, in the person of Bazarov, presents to the reader a new man and his mind. He feels complete indifference to generations and all the values ​​that nature can give to humanity. He lives in the present moment, does not think about the consequences, and does not care about man’s caring attitude towards nature. Bazarov’s arguments boil down only to the need to realize one’s own ambitious desires.

Turgenev. The relationship between nature and man

The above-mentioned work also touches on the problem of the relationship between man and respect for nature. The arguments given by the author convince the reader of the need to show concern for Mother Nature.

Bazarov completely rejects all judgments about the aesthetic beauty of nature, about its indescribable landscapes and gifts. The hero of the work perceives the environment as a tool for work. Bazarov's friend Arkady appears in the novel as the complete opposite. He treats with dedication and admiration what nature gives to man.

This work clearly highlights the problem of caring for nature; arguments in favor of a positive or negative attitude towards the environment are determined by the behavior of the hero. Arkady, through unity with her, heals his spiritual wounds. Eugene, on the contrary, strives to avoid any contact with the world. Nature does not give positive emotions to the person who does not feel peace of mind and does not consider himself a part of nature. Here the author emphasizes a fruitful spiritual dialogue both with oneself and in relation to nature.

Lermontov M. Yu.

The work “Hero of Our Time” touches on the problem of caring for nature. The arguments the author makes relate to life young man by surname Pechorin. Lermontov shows the close relationship between the protagonist’s mood and natural phenomena, the weather. One of the paintings is described as follows. Before the duel began, the sky seemed blue, transparent and clean. When Pechorin looked at Grushnitsky’s dead body, “the rays did not warm” and “the sky became dim.” The connection between internal psychological states and natural phenomena is clearly visible here.

The problem of caring for nature is addressed here in a completely different way. The arguments in the work show that natural phenomena depend not only on the emotional state, but also become involuntary participants in events. So, a thunderstorm is the reason for the meeting and long meeting between Pechorin and Vera. Further, Grigory notes that “the local air promotes love,” meaning Kislovodsk. Such techniques show respect for nature. Arguments from the literature once again prove that this area is vital not only on the physical level, but also on the spiritual and emotional level.

Evgeny Zamyatin

Yevgeny Zamyatin’s vivid dystopian novel also shows a caring attitude towards nature. The essay (arguments, quotes from the work, etc.) must be supported by reliable facts. So, describing literary work entitled “We”, it is important to pay attention to the absence of a natural and natural beginning. All people give up a varied and separate life. The beauties of nature are replaced by artificial, decorative elements.

Numerous allegories of the work, as well as the suffering of number “O”, speak of the importance of nature in human life. After all, it is precisely this kind of beginning that can make a person happy, give him feelings, emotions, and help him experience love. It shows the impossibility of the existence of verified happiness and love using “pink cards”. One of the problems of the work is the inextricable relationship between nature and man, without which the latter will be unhappy for the rest of his life.

Sergey Yesenin

In the work “Go, my dear Rus'!” Sergei Yesenin touches on the problem of the nature of his native places. In this poem, the poet refuses the opportunity to visit paradise, just to stay and devote his life to his native land. Eternal bliss, as Yesenin says in his work, can only be found on his native Russian soil.

Here the feeling of patriotism is clearly expressed, and Motherland and nature are inextricably linked concepts that exist only in interrelation. The very awareness that the power of nature can weaken leads to the collapse of the natural world and human nature.

Using arguments in an essay

If you use arguments from works of fiction, you must comply with several criteria for presenting information and presenting material:

• Providing reliable data. If you do not know the author or do not remember the exact title of the work, it is better not to indicate such information in the essay at all.
• Present information correctly, without errors.
• The most important requirement is the brevity of the material presented. This means that sentences should be as succinct and short as possible, providing a complete picture of the situation being described.

Only if all the above conditions are met, as well as sufficient and reliable data, you will be able to write an essay that will give you the maximum number of exam points.

The main character of a brilliant novel F.M. Dostoevsky, “Crime and Punishment” Rodion Raskolnikov asks the question: is it permissible to commit a small evil for the sake of a great good, does a noble goal justify a criminal means? The author portrays him as a generous dreamer, a humanist, eager to make all humanity happy, who comes to the realization of his own powerlessness in the face of world evil and in despair decides to “transgress” the moral law - to kill out of love for humanity, to commit evil for the sake of good. However, a normal person, which the hero of the novel undoubtedly is, is alien to bloodshed and murder. To understand this, Raskolnikov had to go through all the circles of moral hell and visit hard labor. Only at the end of the novel do we see that the hero realizes the absurdity of his crazy idea and finds peace of mind.

In contrast to the doubting and rushing Raskolnikov, Dostoevsky paints in his novel the image of Svidrigailov, a man who does not think about the means of achieving his goals. Sinking into the abyss of depravity, losing faith, Svidrigailov commits suicide, thereby showing the dead end of Raskolnikov's theory.

Based on real story The novel by the American writer T. Dreiser “American Tragedy” tells the story of the fate of an ambitious young manClyde Griffiths, who dreams of breaking out of the confines of his environment, quickly and persistently walking up the steps of his career, upward to the world of money and luxury. Having seduced an honest girl and being confident in his love for her, the hero soon realizes that this connection is the main obstacle on the way to high society. A classic is formed love triangle, the third “corner” of which is the girl from high society, opening up all sorts of ways for Clyde to gain material wealth. Unable to resist such a temptation, the young man carefully considers the possibility of getting rid of his first love, which interferes not only with his ambitious plans, but also simply interferes with living for his own pleasure. This is how a crime is committed - thoughtful, seriously prepared and cowardly. After the girl's death, the police trace Clyde and accuse him of premeditated murder. The jury sentences him to death and Clyde spends the rest of his life in prison." In the end, he confesses and admits his guilt. He is executed in the electric chair.

A good, kind, talented person, Ilya Oblomov, was unable to overcome himself, his laziness and promiscuity, and did not reveal his best traits. Absence high goal in life leads to moral death. Even love could not save Oblomov.

In his late novel The Razor's Edge, W.S. Maughamdraws life path young American Larry, who spent half his life reading books, and the other half in travel, work, search and self-improvement. His image stands out clearly against the background of young people of his circle, wasting their lives and extraordinary abilities on fulfilling fleeting whims, on entertainment, on a carefree existence in luxury and idleness. Larry chose his own path and, not paying attention to the misunderstanding and reproach of loved ones, sought the meaning of life in hardships, wanderings and wanderings around the world. He devoted himself entirely to the spiritual principle in order to achieve enlightenment of the mind, purification of the spirit, and discover the meaning of the universe.

The main character of the novel of the same name by the American writer Jack London, Martin Eden, a working guy, a sailor, coming from the lower classes, about 21 years old, meets Ruth Morse, a girl from a wealthy bourgeois family. Ruth begins to teach the semi-literate Martin the correct pronunciation. English words and awakens his interest in literature. Martin learns that magazines pay decent fees to the authors who publish in them, and firmly decides to make a career as a writer, earn money and become worthy of his new acquaintance, with whom he has fallen in love. Martin is putting together a self-improvement program, working on his language and pronunciation, and reading a lot of books. Iron health and an unbending will moves him towards his goal. In the end, after going through a long and thorny path, after numerous refusals and disappointments, he becomes a famous writer. (Then he becomes disillusioned with literature, his beloved, people in general and life, loses interest in everything and commits suicide. This is just in case. An argument in favor of the fact that fulfilling a dream does not always bring happiness)

If a shark stops moving its fins, it will sink to the bottom like a stone; a bird, if it stops flapping its wings, will fall to the ground. Likewise, a person, if his aspirations, desires, goals fade away, will collapse to the bottom of life, he will be sucked into the thick quagmire of gray everyday life. A river that stops flowing turns into a stinking swamp. Likewise, a person who stops searching, thinking, striving, loses the “beautiful impulses of his soul”, gradually degrades, his life becomes aimless, miserable vegetation.

I. Bunin in the story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and this god he worshiped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that true happiness passed the man by: he died without ever knowing what life was.

The novel by the famous English writer W. S. Maugham, “The Burden of Human Passions,” touches on one of the most important and burning questions for every person - is there meaning in life, and if so, what is it? The main character of the work, Philip Carey, painfully searches for the answer to this question: in books, in art, in love, in the judgments of friends. One of them, the cynic and materialist Cronshaw, advises him to look at Persian carpets and refuses further explanation. Only years later, having lost almost all his illusions and hopes for the future, Philip understands what he meant and admits that “life has no meaning, and human existence is purposeless. Knowing that nothing makes sense and nothing matters, a person can still find satisfaction in choosing the various threads that he weaves into the endless fabric of life. There is one pattern - the simplest and most beautiful: a person is born, matures, gets married, gives birth to children, works for a piece of bread and dies; but there are others, more intricate and amazing patterns“, where there is no place for happiness or the desire for success, perhaps some kind of alarming beauty is hidden in them.”

(1 option)

One of the problems that has worried and, obviously, will worry humanity throughout all the centuries of its existence is the problem of the relationship between man and nature. The most subtle lyricist and wonderful connoisseur of nature, Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet, formulated it this way in the middle of the 19th century: “Only man, and only he alone in the entire universe, feels the need to ask what is the nature surrounding him? Where does all this come from? What is he himself? Where? Where? For what? And the higher a person is, the more powerful his moral

Nature, the more sincerely these questions arise in him.”

All our classics wrote and spoke about the fact that man and nature are connected by inextricable threads in the last century, and philosophers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries even established a connection between the national character and the way of life of the Russian person, the nature among which he lives.

Evgeny Bazarov, through whose mouth Turgenev expressed the idea of ​​a certain part of society that “nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it,” and Doctor Astrov, one of the heroes of Chekhov’s play “Uncle Vanya,” planting and growing forests, thinking about how beautiful our land is -

These are the two poles in posing and solving the problem “Man and Nature”.

The dying Aral Sea and Chernobyl, polluted Baikal and drying rivers advancing on fertile lands deserts and terrible diseases that appeared only in the 20th century are just a few of the “fruits” of human hands. And there are too few people like Astrov to stop the destructive activities of people.

The voices of Troepolsky and Vasiliev, Aitmatov and Astafiev, Rasputin and Abramov and many, many others sounded alarmingly. And ominous images of “Arkharovites”, “poachers”, “transistor tourists”, who “have become subject to vast expanses,” appear in Russian literature. “In the open spaces” they frolic so much that behind them, like after Mamaev’s troops, are burnt forests, a polluted shore, fish dead from explosives and poison.” These people have lost touch with the land on which they were born and raised.

The voice of the Siberian writer Valentin Rasputin in the story “Fire” sounds angry and accusatory against people who do not remember their kinship, their roots, the source of life. Fire as retribution, exposure, as a burning fire that destroys hastily built housing: “The timber industry warehouses are burning in the village of Sosnovka.” The story, according to the writer’s plan, created as a continuation of “Farewell to Matera,” speaks of the fate of those who ... betrayed their land, nature, and their very human essence. The beautiful island was destroyed and flooded, because in its place there should be a reservoir, everything was left: houses, gardens, unharvested crops, even graves - a sacred place for the Russian people. According to the instructions of the authorities, everything should be burned. But nature resists man. Burnt tree skeletons stick out from the water like crosses. Matera is dying, but so are the souls of people, and spiritual values ​​that have been preserved for centuries are being lost. And the continuers of the theme of Chekhov’s doctor Astrov, Ivan Petrovich Petrov from the story “Fire” and the old woman Daria from “Farewell to Matera” are still lonely. Her words were not heard: “Does this land belong to you alone? This land all belongs to whoever came before us and who will come after us.”

The tone of the theme of man and nature in literature changes sharply: from the problem of spiritual impoverishment it turns into a problem of the physical destruction of nature and man. This is exactly what the voice of the Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov sounds like. The author examines this topic globally, on a universal human scale, showing the tragedy of the severance of human ties with nature, connecting modernity with the past and future.

Destroying and selling the reserved forest, Orozkul turns into a bull-like creature, rejecting folk morality and Sabidzhan, who has distanced himself from the life of his native place, imagining himself as a big city boss, shows callousness and disrespect for his deceased father, objecting to his burial in the Ana-Beit family cemetery - these are the “heroes” of the novel “Stormy Stop”.

In “The Scaffold,” the conflict between nature and “dark forces” is sharpened to the limit, and wolves find themselves in the camp of the good heroes. The name of the she-wolf, who loses one litter after another due to the fault of people, is Akbara, which means “great,” and her eyes are characterized by the same words as the eyes of Jesus, about whom Aitmatov made a legend integral part novel. A huge she-wolf is not a threat to humans. She is defenseless against rushing trucks, helicopters, and rifles.

Nature is merciless, it needs our protection. But how sometimes it’s a shame for a person who turns away, forgets about her, about everything good and bright that is in her depths, and seeks his happiness in the false and empty. How often do we not listen, do not want to hear the signals that she tirelessly sends us.

I want to conclude my thoughts with words from Viktor Astafiev’s story “The Fall of a Leaf”: “While the leaf was falling; while he reached the ground and lay down on it, how many people were born and died on earth? How many joys, love, sorrows, troubles happened? How many tears and blood were shed? How many exploits and betrayals have been accomplished? How to comprehend all this?

(Option 2)

The theme of man and nature has been considered by many writers, and among them I would like to name Valentin Rasputin and his novel “Farewell to Matera.” Nature in this work appears to the reader in different meanings. This is both a landscape and an artistic symbol of death, death, and the identification of the essence of man, human nature; nature as the master of life, the world order. I will try to reveal these aspects of understanding nature.

The landscape in the story reveals the mood of each and all characters. When rumors about the resettlement of the inhabitants were still unclear and inaccurate, then nature appears to us soothing, gentle, kind: “There is no heat on the island, in the middle of the water; in the evenings, when the breeze died down and warm evaporation emanated from the heated earth, there was such grace all around, such peace and tranquility... everything seemed so strong, eternal, that one could not believe in anything - neither in moving, nor in flooding, nor in parting... At the end of the novel, nature appears anxious, calms down in anticipation of something bad, gloomy; the remaining residents of Matera had the same mood: “There was a deaf, complete silence: the water did not splash, the usual noise did not come from the rapids on the nearby upper bend of the Angara, the fish did not gurgle with a lonely random smack from the bottom, no long and measured, at other times accessible to a sensitive ear, the playful whistle of the flow, the earth was silent - everything around seemed filled with soft, impenetrable flesh...” In the novel, pictures of nature act as symbols that change their meaning depending on the development of the plot and the author’s idea. Such symbols include the image of the Angara. At the beginning of the novel it is a “mighty sparkling flow” that rolls “with a clear, cheerful chime,” but at the end the Angara disappears completely, it “disappeared in the pitch darkness of the fog.” The evolution of this symbol is inseparable from the evolution of the inhabitants of Matera: after all, they too live as if in a fog: Pavel on the boat cannot find his native village, the old women who have lived together for so many years do not recognize each other, they can only be seen how “in a dim, blurry flicker they rush past , as if with a strong movement from above, large and shaggy, cloud-like outlines...” Then the fog that fell on Matera is very symbolic. Such a thick fog has not been seen for a long time, and it seems to be the symbolic end of Matera, leaving it alone for the last time with its oldest inhabitants. In general, I want to note that nature, according to Rasputin, one way or another changes in accordance with changes in human life, and we can make a fair conclusion that nature and man have a huge influence on each other in the novel and exist inseparably.

Now I will move on to the depiction of nature as the image of the Master. At first he is described as “small, a little larger than a cat, unlike any other animal”, which “no one had ever seen”, but “he knew everyone here and everything that happened from end to end and from end to end on this separate earth, surrounded by water and rising from the water.” However, he is not a dumb creature: his thoughts, his analysis of what is happening immediately reveal his purpose. On the one hand, this is, of course, the author himself, who observes the events as if from the outside, looks ahead of the narrative (“The owner knew that Petrukha would soon dispose of his hut himself”) and brings it to the reader’s judgment through the prism of his own perception. On the other hand, this image is so harmonious that it involuntarily suggests its personification with nature itself, and through it it expresses its attitude towards everything that happens. This is especially clearly visible at the very end of the work, when “.. through the open door, as if from an open void, fog rushed in and a near-distant melancholy howl was heard - it was the Master’s farewell voice”; nature in the form of the Master says goodbye to Matera, who was so dear and close to her.

Finally, I come to the third, and in my opinion, the most difficult aspect of the representation of nature in the depiction of Valentin Rasputin - nature, revealing human nature. This theme is one of the main ones in all the writer’s works. In “Farewell to Matera” he created bright, colorful images, showing in them all sides of human character. This is the shamelessness of Petrukha, who, after setting his hut on fire, spoke like “in last moment I woke up with smoke in my lungs and heat in my hair – my hair was already crackling”; this is the originality of the “stranger” Bogodul, and the spiritual strength of the old woman Daria, who herself tidies up her hut, says goodbye to it, to her past life; she performs the eternal ritual: “... She was still haunted by a bright, mysterious mood, when it seemed that someone was constantly watching her, someone was guiding her”; this and the childish seriousness of the silent Kolya, still quite little boy, who, however, has already managed to know life. The author often “turns” his characters inside out, showing the most secret corners of their souls. And I think that Valentin Rasputin can be safely called an expert on human nature and a writer of dramatic times, the conscience of his people.

(option 3)

The topic of the relationship between man and nature has always been very relevant. It is reflected in the works of many writers: Ch. Aitmatov, V. Astafiev, V. Rasputin, M. Prishvin, K. Paustovsky. In my essay, I will try to reveal this topic, relying on Ch. Aitmatov’s novel “The Scaffold,” in which, in my opinion, this problem is posed most acutely.

Ch. Aitmatov has long become one of the leading writers of our time. In his novel, he confronts us with the philosophical problem of the relationship between God, man and nature. How is this all connected?

This novel is a call to come to your senses, look back, and realize your responsibility for everything that is happening in the world now. Ch. Aitmatov tries to solve the environmental problems raised in the novel primarily as problems of the state of the human soul. After all, by destroying the world, we doom ourselves to destruction.

One of the most important problems novel - the relationship between a person and environment. Using the example of a conflict between a wolf pack and a person (represented by Bazarbai and the Ober-Kandalov gang), Ch. Aitmatov shows how the balance between these two great forces can be upset. This split is provoked by a terrible person. Bazarbai is a drunkard, a scoundrel, accustomed to remaining unpunished, hating the whole world, envious of everyone. He is the embodiment of spiritual decay and evil. Bazarbay, like a predator, destroys everything, senselessly and rudely bursting into the savannah. His act is terrible, he kidnaps the wolf cubs, depriving the she-wolf Akbara and Tashchainara of their offspring. And this inevitably leads to a fight between the she-wolf and the man, which ends tragically. In the novel, people are opposed to wolves. They are not just humanized. Ch. Aitmatov endows them with nobility, a quality that people often lack. They are selflessly devoted to each other. But trouble befalls them: man violates the law of nature, which should never be violated anywhere. If people had not attacked Akbar, she, having met defenseless person, I wouldn't touch him. But, driven into a dead end, desperate and embittered, the she-wolf is doomed to fight with man. And she has only one way out - to kill a person and die herself. It is very important that in this cruel struggle not only Bazarbai, but also an innocent child dies. Akbar kidnaps the boy and thereby takes revenge for his offspring. By a fateful coincidence, this boy is the son of Boston.

The image of Boston in the novel represents natural humanity. He is the victim of Bazarbai’s stupid and cruel trick, his antipode. Boston, like Akbar, finding no other way out, shoots the she-wolf, killing his son with the same shot. This tragedy played out back in the savannah, when in one fell swoop the law of the natural course of life was violated. The author shows us how Bazarbai's immorality broke the lives and destinies of other people.

In the novel “The Scaffold” Ch. Aitmatov addresses the eternal theme of Jesus Christ. The author draws the image of Obadiah, the son of a priest. He considers the goal of his life to be the salvation of human souls. All his actions speak of the height of his thoughts and his firm desire to shed light into souls mired in darkness. He strives to awaken repentance and conscience in his enemies - this is his way of fighting evil. His actions are worthy of deep respect. There is some kind of helplessness and defenselessness in him. Ch. Aitmatov endows him with the ability to self-sacrifice.

Works about nature are an element without which it is difficult to imagine music and literature. From time immemorial, the unique beauties of the planet have served as a source of inspiration for outstanding writers and composers and were sung by them in immortal works. There are stories, poems, and musical compositions that allow you to recharge yourself with the energy of living nature, literally without leaving your own home. Examples of the best of them are given in this article.

Prishvin and his works about nature

Russian literature is rich in stories, novellas, and poems that are an ode to our native land. A striking example a person who is especially good at writing about nature can be called Mikhail Prishvin. It's no wonder he earned a reputation as its singer. The writer in his works encourages readers to establish a relationship with her and treat her with love.

An example of his work about nature is “The Pantry of the Sun” - a story that is one of the author’s best creations. The writer in it shows how deep the connection is between people and the world that surrounds them. The descriptions are so good that the reader seems to see with his own eyes the groaning trees, the gloomy swamp, the ripe cranberries.

Tyutchev's creativity

Tyutchev is a great Russian poet, in whose work a huge place is devoted to the beauties of the surrounding world. His works about nature emphasize its diversity, dynamism, and diversity. Using description various phenomena the author conveys the process of life. Of course, he also has a call to take responsibility for the planet, addressed to all readers.

Tyutchev especially loved the theme of night - the time when the world plunges into darkness. An example is the poem “A curtain fell on the world of day.” A poet in his works can call the night holy or emphasize its chaotic nature - it depends on his mood. Excellent and description sunbeam, who “perched on the bed”, in his creation “Yesterday”.

Pushkin's lyrics

When listing works about the nature of Russian writers, one cannot fail to mention the work of the great Pushkin, for whom it remained a source of inspiration throughout his life. Suffice it to recall his poem “ Winter morning” to conjure up the features of this time of year. The author, apparently in an excellent mood, talks about how beautiful the dawn is at this time of year.

A completely different mood is conveyed by his “Winter Evening,” which is included in the compulsory school curriculum. In it, Pushkin describes a snowstorm a little gloomily and frighteningly, comparing it to a raging beast, and the oppressive sensations that it causes in him.

Many works about nature by Russian writers are dedicated to autumn. Pushkin, who values ​​this time of year above all else, is no exception, despite the fact that in his famous work “Autumn” the poet calls it a “dull time,” however, immediately refuting this description with the phrase “the charm of the eyes.”

Works by Bunin

Ivan Bunin’s childhood, as is known from his biography, passed in a small village located in the Oryol province. It is not surprising that even as a child the writer learned to appreciate the delights of nature. His creation “Leaf Fall” is considered one of the best. The author allows readers to smell the trees (pine, oak), see the “painted tower” painted in bright colors, and hear the sounds of foliage. Bunin perfectly shows the characteristic autumn nostalgia for the bygone summer.

Bunin's works about Russian nature are simply a treasure trove of colorful sketches. The most popular of them is “Antonov apples”. The reader will be able to feel the fruity aroma, feel the atmosphere of August with its warm rains, and breathe in the morning freshness. Many of his other creations are permeated with love for Russian nature: “River”, “Evening”, “Sunset”. And in almost every one of them there is a call to readers to appreciate what they have.

Recently I accidentally watched the old film “Master of the Taiga”. Although it was filmed before I was born, I really liked it. Young Zolotukhin played a local policeman somewhere in Siberia, the only one “fifty miles in one direction, and five hundred in the other.” He fights poachers and wins. It was then for the first time that I seriously thought about why people treat nature so barbarically. It’s surprising that before that I seemed to turn a deaf ear to all the conversations on this topic. Of course, I remembered other films.

I also learned the story of the film “By the Lake,” filmed more than twenty years ago. It turns out that the struggle for the purity of Baikal began with him, which is not over to this day. So gradually, from disparate facts, an idea began to emerge about environmental problem, about how literature has taken up this topic. Then at school I had to prepare a report on the topic “Man and nature in the works of Soviet writers.”

Here's what I found out. At the end of the last century, Dostoevsky, Chekhov, Mamin-Sibiryak and others began to write about the barbaric attitude towards nature, especially towards the forest. But in Soviet times this topic was forgotten for a long time. At that time, the slogan was in vogue that there was no point in expecting mercy from nature, but that we had to take its riches ourselves. Then a plan to “transform” nature arose in Stalin’s head, and some writers actively participated in this campaign.

The famous Russian writer Leonid Leonov raised his voice against the “transformation”. His novel “Russian Forest” opened up “artistic” ecology in the mid-50s. In the 50s and 60s they did a lot for native nature K. Paustovsky, V. Belov, V. Lipatov and others.

Viktor Astafiev, who was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, did a lot to protect nature. He, for example (I read about it in the newspaper), revealed the secret of “object No. 27,” which was actually supposed to become a repository for radioactive waste from European countries (they would have transported it thousands of miles!) near the Yenisei. Who knows, maybe this will prevent Siberian Chernobyl? In the seventies he wrote “The Last Bow” and “The Fish Tsar”. The narration in the stories “Tsar Fish” shows us “small” poachers who violate the bans on hunting and fishing, and “big” ones who are ready to ruin the entire taiga for the sake of a plan.

Meanwhile, Astafiev is convinced: “The taiga on earth and the stars in the sky existed thousands of years before us. The stars went out or broke into fragments, and in their place others blossomed in the sky. And the trees in the taiga died and were born, one tree was burned by lightning, washed away by the river, another scattered seeds into the water, in the wind... It only seems to us, - the writer emphasizes his thought, - that we have transformed... the taiga... No, we only wounded her, damaged her, trampled her, scratched her, burned her with fire. But they couldn’t convey their fear and confusion to her, they couldn’t instill hostility in her, no matter how hard they tried.”

It seems to me that Valentin Rasputin, who also did a lot to protect Russian nature, will agree with these thoughts. He was among those who raised their voice against the turn of the northern rivers. In the story “Farewell to Matera,” he depicts to us the suffering of people forced to leave their homeland and their ancestors. Some of the powers that be, these heirs of Stalin’s “transformers,” decided to build a hydroelectric power station on the river. Dozens of villages are doomed to be flooded. It seems that nature is crying along with people. The image of an old tree is majestic: they tried to cut it down - the axes bounce off, to cut it down - they don’t take a saw, to set it on fire - it doesn’t burn. The barbarians eventually retreat. Isn’t this how nature also resists: no matter how much they destroy it, it still stands.

But her powers are not unlimited. What if he can't stand it? Will the man himself remain alive? He must take care of nature: this is his home. He is not a guest, but a master in it for many millennia. This problem is raised again in another story by Rasputin - “Fire”. “Cutting down a forest is not sowing bread,” he thinks bitterly main character works. The timber industry enterprise is in a hurry to fulfill the plan and prepare cubic meters. “And they chose the forest - tens and tens of years before the new one. It takes years to cut it down with the current technology. And then what?” The reader is ready to shout along with the hero: “Plan?!” Yes, we would be better off without him. It would be better if they had a different plan - not just for cubic meters, but for souls! So that they take into account how many souls have been lost, gone to hell, and how many are left!” That's true.

Where there is no love and pity for nature, there is no pity for man. And along with nature, man perishes. And not only morally, but also in the literal sense. There is another interesting story about this - “Dam” by Vladimir Mazaev. It’s not a very well-known book, really, but it attracted me because of its truthfulness. The work tells about a case that is, unfortunately, typical for our days. During heavy rain, the dam of the sedimentation tank breaks, where 600 thousand cubic meters of toxic waste were stored. coke production. A black wave flows into the river, poisoning all living things. The authorities, of course, are trying to eliminate the consequences, but much can no longer be corrected.

Who is to blame? Yes, as always, no one. They knew that the dam was built with violations of technology and a breakthrough was possible, but did not take action. Warnings of a possible disaster were ignored. The first secretary of the city party committee was never interested in these problems during the four years of leading the city; he even had no idea about the factory hydraulic dump. Nature, according to the writer, takes revenge on its offenders. The daughter and son-in-law of the first secretary are poisoned. The black wave destroyed the dacha village, where the dachas of the plant's managers are located.

Writers teach people to think about what we are doing to nature?! Too much in recent years Accidents and disasters happen without listening to their wise voice.

Grigory Medvedev in his documentary story “The Chernobyl Notebook” says that in pursuit of ranks and awards, academics, economists and politicians deceived the people for many years, claiming that nuclear energy is safe. We now know how this “security” turned out. The story ends with very strong words from the writer. He walks through the cemetery where the victims of Chernobyl are buried, and remembers that their bodies were highly radioactive and they were buried in zinc coffins. “This was what the sanitary and epidemiological station required, and I thought about it, because the land was prevented from making it last job- turn the bodies of the dead into dust. Damn nuclear age! Even here, in the eternal human exodus, thousand-year-old traditions are being violated. You can’t even bury it, humanly bury it.” You can't say it stronger...