Presentation about cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova. Russian women cosmonauts

"Valentina Tereshkova - the first female cosmonaut"

Completed by physics teacher E.V. Kruglova.

Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 1

Barysh city

“On June 16, 1963, at 12:30 Moscow time, the Vostok-6 spacecraft was launched into Earth satellite orbit in the Soviet Union, the first in the world piloted by a female citizen. Soviet Union, cosmonaut comrade Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova. Glory to our people, the patron of the vastness of the Universe!”

This is how the whole world learned about the flight into space of a simple village girl.

Valentina was born on March 6, 1937 in the village of Maslennikovo, Yaroslavl region. The Tereshkov family lived poorly, from hand to mouth. His father, Vladimir Aksenovich, died during the Finnish campaign on the Karelian Isthmus, and his wife, Elena Fedorovna, had to raise their children alone - Lyuda, Valya and Volodya

Valentina became sick with space when she learned about Gagarin's flight. I wrote an application to the cosmonaut corps. From hundreds of candidates, five were selected:

Valentina Ponomareva

Valentina Tereshkova

Zhanna Yorkina

Tatiana Kuznetsova

Irina Solovyova

Then “Vostok -6” and start. No one has ever spoken to space so defiantly. “Hey, sky, take off your hat, I’m coming to you.” There was something exclusively feminine about this, to which all humanity took off its hat. She then had to overcome not only herself, but also stereotypes.

Her call sign is “Seagull” - Beautiful Bird. Free bird.

2 days 22 hours 50 minutes

During this time, the astronaut made 48 orbits around the Earth, flying a total of approximately 1.97 million kilometers

Tereshkova started the era of “women’s cosmonautics”; she made a tremendous breakthrough, a heroic act that became an example for all women in the world.”

Valentina Vladimirovna is an honorary citizen of Russian and foreign cities:

Kaluga Yaroslavl (Russia) Karaganda (Kazakhstan) Vitebsk (Belarus) Montreux (Switzerland) Drancy (France) Montgomery (UK) Polizzi-Generosa (Italy) Darkhan (Mongolia) Sofia Petrich Stara Zagora Pleven Varna (Bulgaria).

A crater on the Moon is named in her honor.

Minor planet 16-71 is also Chaika.

And she herself dreams of Mars.

“Mars is my favorite planet. Of course, our dream is to visit Mars, to find out if there was life there. But, unfortunately, we understand the human limit. The first flights to Mars will most likely be one way, I think I think. But I'm ready."

"The Seagull" is forever.

Proper name. It seems that if Chekhov had written his “The Seagull” after Tereshkova, many would probably have thought that it was also in her honor. Although there was something Chekhovian in this very women’s start. It marked the birth of a new theater. A theater in which not all the main roles are male...

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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“Valentina Tereshkova - the first female cosmonaut” Completed by: 2nd grade students Head of the circle: T.M. Zakharycheva, physics teacher, Biryuchevskaya Secondary Municipal Educational Institution secondary school

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Valentina Tereshkova was born on March 6, 1937 in the village of Bolshoye Maslennikovo, Tutaevsky district, Yaroslavl region, RSFSR, into a peasant family of immigrants from Belarus. Father is a tractor driver, mother is a textile factory worker. Drafted into the Red Army in 1939, Valentina's father died in the Soviet-Finnish War. In 1945, the girl entered high school No. 32 of the city of Yaroslavl, from which she graduated from seven classes in 1953. To help her family, in 1954 Valentina went to work at the Yaroslavl Tire Factory as a bracelet maker, while simultaneously enrolling in evening classes at a school for working youth. Since 1959, she has been involved in parachuting at the Yaroslavl flying club (performed 90 jumps).

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After the first successful flights of Soviet cosmonauts, Sergei Korolev had the idea to launch a female cosmonaut into space. At the beginning of 1962, a search began for applicants according to the following criteria: parachutist, under 30 years of age, up to 170 centimeters tall and weighing up to 70 kilograms. Out of hundreds of candidates, five were chosen: Zhanna Yorkina, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Valentina Ponomareva, Irina Solovyova and Valentina Tereshkova. Valentina Tereshkova was enrolled in the cosmonaut corps on March 12, 1962 and began training as a cosmonaut student of the 2nd squad. On November 29, 1962, she passed her final exams in OKP with “excellent marks.” Since December 1, 1962, Tereshkova has been a cosmonaut of the 1st detachment of the 1st department. From June 16, 1963, that is, immediately after the flight, she became an instructor-cosmonaut of the 1st detachment, a position until March 14, 1966.

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During her training, she underwent training on the body’s resistance to the factors of space flight. The training included a thermal chamber, where she had to be in a flight suit at a temperature of +70 ° C and a humidity of 30%, and a soundproof chamber - a room isolated from sounds, where each candidate had to spend 10 days. Zero-gravity training took place on the MiG-15. When performing a special figure of the highest order, weightlessness was established inside the plane for 40 seconds, and there were 3-4 such sessions per flight. Special attention was paid to parachute training, since the cosmonaut ejected before landing and landed separately by parachute. Since there was always a risk of splashdown of the descent vehicle, training was also carried out on parachute jumps in the sea, in a technological, that is, not tailored to size, spacesuit. Workout

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A simultaneous flight of two female crews was supposed, but in March 1963 this plan was abandoned, and the task became to choose one of five candidates. When choosing Tereshkova for the role of the first female cosmonaut, in addition to successful completion of training, political issues were also taken into account: Tereshkova was from the workers, while, for example, Ponomareva and Solovyova were from the employees. In addition, Tereshkova's father, Vladimir, died during the Soviet-Finnish War when she was two years old. After the flight, when Tereshkova was asked how the Soviet Union could thank her for her service, she asked to find the place where her father was killed.

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She made her space flight (the world's first flight of a female cosmonaut) on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft; it lasted almost three days. At the same time, the Vostok-5 spacecraft, piloted by cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky, was in orbit. At the time of Tereshkova's appointment as Vostok 6 pilot, she was 10 years younger than Gordon Cooper, the youngest of the first corps of American astronauts. On the day of her first flight into space, she told her family that she was leaving for a parachute competition; they learned about the flight from the news on the radio. A few days after the flight, Valentina Tereshkova was protested due to a violation of the regime in the area of ​​the landing site: she distributed food supplies from the astronauts’ diet to local residents, and she herself ate local food. First flight

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Launch vehicle "Vostok-6" Vostok-6 (Vostok-3KA No. 8) Launch date - 06/16/1963 12:29:51 Cosmodrome - Baikonur (NIIP-5) Launch vehicle - Vostok (8K72K) Cosmonaut landing - 19.06. 1963 11:20 Landing location: 620 km northeast of Karaganda, Kazakh SSR Flight duration: 2 days 22 hours 40 minutes 48 seconds (ejection); 2 days 22 hours 50 minutes (landing) Pilot - Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (call sign “Chaika”) Reserve pilots - Irina Bayanovna Solovyova, Valentina Leonidovna Ponomareva

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Lieutenant General Nikolai Kamanin, who was involved in the selection and training of cosmonauts, described Tereshkova’s launch as follows: “The preparation of the rocket, the spacecraft and all maintenance operations went extremely smoothly. In terms of the clarity and coherence of the work of all services and systems, Tereshkova’s launch reminded me of Gagarin’s launch. As on April 12, 1961, on June 16, 1963, the flight was being prepared and started off well. Everyone who saw Tereshkova during the preparation of the launch and the launch of the spacecraft into orbit, who listened to her reports on the radio, unanimously stated: “She carried out the launch better than Popovich and Nikolaev.” Yes, I am very glad that I was not mistaken in choosing the first female astronaut. Tereshkova’s call sign for the duration of the flight is “Seagull”; the phrase she said before the start: “Hey! Sky! Take off your hat!

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She was married to Andriyan Nikolaev, the wedding took place on November 3, 1963, among the guests was Khrushchev himself. Valentina Tereshkova bore the double surname Nikolaeva-Tereshkova. Children: On June 8, 1964, daughter Elena Andriyanovna was born: the first child, both whose father and mother were astronauts. Valentina Tereshkova and Andrian Nikolaev

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Valentina Tereshkova with her daughter Lena. Interesting facts After completing the space flight, Tereshkova entered and graduated with honors from the Air Force Engineering Academy named after. N. E. Zhukovsky, became a candidate of technical sciences, professor, author of more than 50 scientific works. On January 22, 1969, she was in a car fired upon by officer Viktor Ilyin during the assassination attempt on Brezhnev. She was not injured. She is the only woman on Earth to have completed a solo space flight. All subsequent female cosmonauts flew into space only as part of crews. After Tereshkova saw all the continents of the Earth from space, she began to dream of visiting Australia. After many years, she managed to fulfill her dream.

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Recognition of merits A crater on the Moon and the minor planet 1671 Chaika (Tereshkova’s call sign during flights) are named after her. She was awarded the honorary title “The Greatest Woman of the 20th Century.” An embankment in Evpatoria is named after her. Streets in Vitebsk, Volokolamsk, Grodno, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Klin, Korolev, Lipetsk, Mytishchi, Ardatov, Novosibirsk (Akademgorodok), Novocheboksarsk, Odessa, Orenburg, Yaroslavl, Krasnoyarsk and other cities are named after her. An avenue in the city of Gudermes (Chechen Republic) is named after her. A square in Tver is named after her.

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Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova

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Valentina Tereshkova
USSR pilot-cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova. Born in 1937 in the village of Maslennikovo, Yaroslavl region. Member of the CPSU.

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Childhood and youth
Father - Vladimir Aksenovich Tereshkov (1912-1940), tractor driver. He was drafted into the Red Army in 1939 and died in the Soviet-Finnish War. Mother - Tereshkova (nee Kruglova) Elena Fedorovna (1913-1987), textile factory worker. The family also included an older sister, Lyudmila, and younger brother Vladimir.

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Childhood and youth
In 1945, Valya entered secondary school No. 32 in the city of Yaroslavl. To help her family, in 1954 Valentina went to work at the Yaroslavl tire plant. She worked as a weaver at a technical fabrics factory, where her mother and older sister also worked. Since 1959 she has been involved in parachuting. Passed distance learning at the College of Light Industry. Since August 11, 1960 - released secretary of the Komsomol committee of the Krasny Perekop plant.

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In the cosmonaut corps
After the first successful flights of Soviet cosmonauts, Sergei Korolev had the idea to launch a female cosmonaut into space. At the beginning of 1962, a search began for applicants based on the following criteria: parachutist, under 30 years old, up to 170 cm tall and weighing up to 70 kg

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Preparing for the flight
Tereshkova was enrolled in the cosmonaut corps on March 12, 1962 and began training as a student-cosmonaut of the 2nd detachment. During her training, she underwent training on the body’s resistance to the factors of space flight.

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Preparing for the flight
Zero-gravity training took place on the MiG-15. When performing a parabolic slide, weightlessness was established inside the plane for 40 seconds, and there were 3-4 such sessions per flight. During each session, it was necessary to complete the next task: write your first and last name, try to eat, talk on the radio.

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Election
When choosing Tereshkova for the role of the first female cosmonaut, in addition to successfully completing training, political aspects were also taken into account: Tereshkova was from the workers, while, for example, Ponomareva and Solovyova were from the employees. At the time of Tereshkova’s appointment as a Vostok-6 pilot, she was 10 years younger than Gordon Cooper, the youngest of the first corps of American astronauts.

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Flight on Vostok-6
On the day of her first flight into space, she told her family that she was leaving for a parachute competition; they learned about the flight from the news on the radio.
Tereshkova made her space flight (the world's first flight of a female cosmonaut) on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft; it lasted almost three days. The launch took place at Baikonur.

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Flight on Vostok-6
Despite nausea and physical discomfort, Tereshkova survived 48 orbits around the Earth and spent almost three days in space, where she kept a logbook and took photographs of the horizon, which were later used to detect aerosol layers in the atmosphere. The Vostok-6 descent module landed safely in the Baevsky district of the Altai Territory.

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Flight on Vostok-6
A few days later, Tereshkova was protested due to a violation of the regime in the area of ​​the landing site: she distributed food supplies from the astronauts’ diet to local residents, and she herself ate local food after three days of fasting. According to the testimony of pilot Marina Popovich, in her presence after Tereshkova’s flight, S.P. Korolev said: “As long as I’m alive, not a single woman will fly into space again.”

The first woman astronaut

On June 16, 1963, at 12:30 Moscow time in the USSR, the Vostok-6 spacecraft was launched into Earth satellite orbit, for the first time in the world piloted by a female citizen of the Soviet Union, Valentina Tereshkova. She is the only woman in the world to fly solo in space. The flight duration was two days, 22 hours and 50 minutes. During this time, her spacecraft circled the Earth 48 times.

Tereshkova’s call sign for the duration of the flight is “Seagull.” The phrase she said before the start: “Hey! Heaven, take off your hat! (modified quote from V. Mayakovsky’s poem “Cloud in Pants”) - “I am the Seagull, I am the Seagull. Through the windows I see the Earth. I see the horizon. There is a blue stripe coming from the clouds. Everything is fine. Everything is fine. I am "Seagull". Welcome!

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova was born on March 6, 1937 in the village of Maslennikovo, Tutaevsky district, Yaroslavl region. Her father, Vladimir Aksenovich Tereshkov (1912-1940), worked as a tractor driver and died during the Soviet-Finnish war. Mother, Elena Fedorovna Tereshkova (Kruglova) (1913-1987), worked on a collective farm. In the summer of 1945, she and her three children moved to the city of Yaroslavl and began working at the Krasny Perekop industrial textile factory.

Valentina Tereshkova has been involved in parachuting at the Yaroslavl Aero Club since 1959 and made 163 parachute jumps.

In February 1962, Valentina Tereshkova was enrolled as a student cosmonaut. From March to November 1962, she underwent general space training and, after passing state exams, was enrolled in the cosmonaut corps. From January to May 1963, she prepared for a flight on the Vostok-6 spacecraft under the women's flight program as part of a group together with Irina Solovyova, Valentina Ponomareva, Zhanna Erkina. She was designated as the prime candidate for the flight.

Valentina Tereshkova - the first in history Russian army female general. June 22, 1963 V.V. Tereshkova was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In 2000, the British organization “Annual Assembly of Women” V.V. Tereshkova was awarded the title “The Greatest Woman of the 20th Century”.

Since 1966, Tereshkova has been active in government and public activities.

In the name of V.V. Tereshkova named: a crater on the Moon; minor planet 1671 Chaika (according to its call sign - “Chaika”); streets in different cities, including Odessa, Ulan-Ude, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kostroma, Kemerovo, Ulyanovsk, Orenburg, Balakhna, Lipetsk, Irkutsk, Novocheboksarsk, Vitebsk, avenue in Gudermes, square in Tver, embankment in Evpatoria; schools in Yaroslavl (where she studied), in Novocheboksarsk, in Karaganda and in the city of Esik (Almaty region); the Cosmos Museum (not far from her village) and planetarium in Yaroslavl; The name of the hotel in Karaganda was given by the call sign “Chaika” after V. Tereshkova rested there after the flight.

Two monuments to Tereshkova have been erected: on the Alley of Cosmonauts in Moscow and in the Baevsky district of the Altai Territory, on whose territory she landed. In 1983, a commemorative coin with the image of V. Tereshkova was issued. Valentina Tereshkova became the only Soviet citizen, whose portrait was placed on a Soviet coin during his lifetime. The annual city athletics relay race for the prize of V.V. Tereshkova is held in Yaroslavl.

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Slide captions:

"First to the Stars"

Tereshkova Valentina Vladimirovna The first female cosmonaut.

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova - Soviet cosmonaut, the first female cosmonaut on Earth, Hero of the Soviet Union, Major General.

Valentina Tereshkova Born on March 6, 1937, in the village of Bolshoye Maslennikovo, Yaroslavl region, into a peasant family. As Valentina Vladimirovna herself said, as a child she spoke Belarusian with her family.

Father is a tractor driver, mother is a textile factory worker. In 1945, the girl entered secondary school No. 32 in the city of Yaroslavl, where she graduated from seven classes in 1953. To help her family, in 1954 Valentina went to work at the Yaroslavl Tire Factory as a bracelet maker, while simultaneously enrolling in evening classes at a school for working youth.

Since 1959, she has been involved in parachuting at the Yaroslavl flying club (performed 90 jumps). Continuing to work at the Krasny Perekop textile mill, from 1955 to 1960 Valentina completed correspondence studies at the Light Industry College. Since August 11, 1960 - released secretary of the Komsomol committee of the Krasny Perekop plant.

In the cosmonaut corps

After the first successful flights of Soviet cosmonauts, Sergei Korolev had the idea to launch a female cosmonaut into space. At the beginning of 1962, the search for applicants began. Out of hundreds of candidates, five were chosen: Zhanna Yorkina, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Valentina Ponomareva, Irina Solovyova and Valentina Tereshkova. Immediately after being accepted into the cosmonaut corps, Valentina Tereshkova was called up for compulsory military service with the rank of private. Sergey Korolev

Female Cosmonaut Squad

Valentina Tereshkova was enrolled in the cosmonaut detachment on March 12, 1962 and began training as a cosmonaut student of the 2nd detachment. On November 29, 1962, she passed her final exams with excellent marks. Since December 1, 1962, she has been a cosmonaut of the 1st detachment of the 1st department.

Zhanna Yorkina, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Valentina Ponomareva, Irina Solovyova and Valentina Tereshkova.

Valentina Tereshkova made her space flight (the world's first flight of a female cosmonaut) on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft; it lasted almost three days. At the same time, the Vostok-5 spacecraft, piloted by cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky (husband), was in orbit. On the day of her first flight into space, Valentina Tereshkova told her family that she was leaving for a parachute competition; they learned about the flight from the news on the radio. The Vostok-6 lander landed safely in the Altai Territory. V. Bykovsky

East - 6

From April 30, 1969 - April 28, 1997 - instructor-cosmonaut-tester of the group of orbital manned complexes of general and special purpose, 1st group of cosmonaut corps. Tereshkova remained in the detachment, and in 1982 she could even be appointed commander of the female crew of the Soyuz spacecraft. On April 30, 1997, Tereshkova left the squad due to reaching the age limit. Since 1997, she has been a senior researcher at the Cosmonaut Training Center.

After completing the space flight, Tereshkova entered and graduated with honors from the Air Force Engineering Academy named after. N. E. Zhukovsky, became a candidate of technical sciences, professor, author of more than 50 scientific papers.

Military rank December 15, 1962 - junior lieutenant June 16, 1963 - lieutenant June 16, 1963 - captain January 9, 1965 - major October 14, 1967 - lieutenant colonel April 30, 1970 - engineer-colonel, since 1975 - colonel-engineer 1995 - major general S On April 30, 1997 he retired.

Interesting facts

A crater on the Moon and the minor planet 1671 Chaika are named after her. She was given the honorary title “The Greatest Woman of the 20th Century.” An embankment in Evpatoria is named after her.

Streets in Vitebsk, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Klin, Korolev, Lipetsk, Mytishchi, Ardatov, Odessa, and other cities are named after her. An avenue in the city of Gudermes is named after her

School No. 32 in the city of Yaroslavl, where she studied, is named after her. Museum of V.V. Tereshkova “Cosmos” not far from her home village.

In 1983, a commemorative coin with the image of V. Tereshkova was issued. Thus, Valentina Tereshkova became the only Soviet citizen whose portrait was placed on a Soviet coin during her lifetime.

Monument to Valentina Tereshkova in Moscow