A simple DIY garden house. Do-it-yourself country houses (projects, photos): you can do it

Good day, dear users of the site. The warm season is approaching and we cannot sit at home. Either gardening work or cleaning the garden plot. And you never know what worries you have on your plot in a village, town or country house. Sometimes, after righteous labors, you just want to sit down and relax, drink tea or coffee, listen to music, and so on. In your yard, you can simply take out chairs and sit, or it is better to build a structure specially equipped for relaxation. Therefore, I would like to present to your attention another summer guest house. This building is ideal for a summer holiday, and even in the cold season, if you install a stove in it, it will be quite cozy. The assembly process is quite simple and will not be difficult for those whose hands grow from the right place.

To begin with, the author of this building prepared a place for the construction of the structure. I started, as usual in such cases, from the foundation. The author made a columnar foundation. Each column required eight foundation blocks. This is what the finished foundation looks like. Easy to build and not very expensive. Bricks can be used instead of foundation blocks.

The author's next step is tying, i.e. erection of the foundation of a future structure on the foundation. For this, the author used a beam with a section of 150x150 mm. Before installation, treat the timber with fire protection.

After we have tied the foundation, we install more between the main bars. This is for the floor. Next, the author begins to lay the floor itself.

Please note that when making the floor, the author does not place it in the front part of the building, since there will subsequently be a small terrace with a porch there. The author decided to insulate it immediately, without erecting walls. For this I used Izospan B, 5 cm insulation.

Further, after the author has covered the “sub-floor” with insulation, he lays the main floor on top of it.

Next, the wall frame is assembled and installed on the base.

Next, the author installs ready-made doors, upholsters the frame of the walls on the outside with isospan and trims everything with imitation timber.

This is what the walls look like from the inside at this stage of construction.

The next step is preparing the roof. The author puts insulation and sews everything up with boards.

After the author has prepared the ceiling, he assembles and installs skates on the roof. He fastens them with construction corners.

Next, boards are nailed for subsequent installation of insulation and roof tiles on them.

After all the boards are filled, we insulate the roof on top with isospan-D

Now the author begins to insulate the interior of the future guest house. For this, materials such as Izospan A, insulation, and lining are used.

After you have purchased a small plot of six acres, it is extremely important to develop a design for the house and its location. In this case, it is necessary to plan everything in a complex, since different types of landscape design require certain conditions for the choice of material for building construction.

If living in a house is not expected during the cold season, it makes sense to consider options for building a small house. This will significantly save the area of ​​the site for planting or create a unique landscape design.

Before construction, it is important to study all the main requirements for the construction of objects on a land plot:

1. Buildings should be located no closer than five meters from the border of the site and three meters from the neighbors’ territory.
2. The distance between your house and neighboring buildings should not exceed six meters.
3. Site fencing should be erected to a height of no more than one and a half meters.
4. Toilet and cesspools can be located at a distance of no closer than fifteen meters from residential buildings or water sources (wells, boreholes).

Which house project to choose?

Before starting construction work, you need to decide on the size of the house. The most relevant size can be considered if the building contains:

1. Living room (or several rooms).
2. Kitchen.
3. Terrace (open or closed veranda).

Conventionally, all house projects can be divided into three types:

Country house with a bathhouse under one roof

Projects for houses with a bathhouse are mainly made in two versions. Each of which must meet the main requirement - the combination of two buildings with different functions.

In the first option, the steam room and washing department are located on the first floor, and the rest room is located on the second.

When using the second method, a bathhouse is attached to a residential building. It can be placed directly next to the house or connected to it with a small vestibule.

What these methods have in common is the presence of one roof.

It is important to understand that when building such a structure it is necessary to use additional heat and waterproofing materials.

The undoubted advantage of such buildings is the possibility of creating a unified communication system. This will allow you to use the sauna all year round without the need to carry water and firewood.

Dimensions of residential buildings

The smallest residential country buildings are 4 by 4 m in size; there is no point in making houses with a smaller area. The layout of this option is very simple - one room.

Such houses can differ from each other only in the number of windows and location in relation to the cardinal points. It is advisable to place doors in the middle or at the end of the building. Area about 16 square meters.

A building measuring 6 x 3 m will be slightly larger, approximately 18 square meters. You can already include a place for cooking in the layout.

The above options are unlikely to be optimal. Timber or log houses measuring 6 x 3 m are much more in demand among summer residents. This is explained simply - the length of the timber (log) is six meters.

In addition, you can already design a small kitchen in the house. In a country house measuring 6 x 4 m, you can build a small vestibule (or bathroom).

If we talk about residential buildings 6 x 4 m, then it is quite possible to place another room or living room.

Materials used to build country houses and their durability

1. Frame houses.

The most common construction method. According to statistics, more than seventy percent of country houses are frame or panel. They are erected quite quickly, during the summer season. The minimum construction time, without finishing and installing the foundation, can be one and a half months.

The frame is sheathed on the inside and outside with inexpensive material (plywood, OSB or lining).

Insulation is placed between the sheathing material. Advantages - the ability to complete and rebuild the structure. A good option in terms of price/quality ratio. If construction technology is followed and regularly treated with special antiseptic compounds, it is quite durable.

1. Log houses.

The second most common construction method. When purchasing a ready-made log house (taking into account the time required to build the foundation), it is realistic to build a house within 3-4 months.

Important! It will take approximately six months for the building to shrink.

You can build a house yourself; the process of constructing the structure is not complicated. Like any wooden building, the house can be easily completed or redesigned. Durable, subject to treatment with bioprotective materials. It is environmentally friendly and can last for decades if properly used.

Not a bad option. The truth will require close attention to the assembly process. If all recommendations of professionals are followed, the owner has the right to count on warm and reliable housing.

1. Country houses made of timber.

A very popular method. Solid, profiled timber is used in construction.

Assembly is carried out from ready-made beams, so the construction period will be 2-3 months. Taking into account the laying of the foundation. As in the case of log houses, the time for shrinkage will be about six months. As a rule, houses are made and assembled by professionals.

If you decide to build such a house yourself, there is no guarantee from the manufacturer. Advantages – warm; reliable; do not require finishing; possibility of modernization; durability; environmental friendliness; beautiful appearance. The disadvantage is the high cost.

1. Brick projects.

Brick structures are not afraid of temperature changes and unfavorable natural factors (precipitation, strong wind). However, this method has a number of disadvantages: brick is a rather expensive building material; The process of building a house can take a long time. Advantage - the service life of a brick cottage can be several decades without special preventive measures.

Important! When constructing such buildings, special attention must be paid to the optimal temperature conditions - high humidity is unacceptable.

In addition, due to the significant mass of bricks, the construction of a capital foundation is mandatory. The best option is a monolithic base.

1. Houses made of gas silicate blocks.

The main reason for choosing this material is its low price. About twice as cheap as brick.

Important! The blocks are fragile, so you need to be especially careful when transporting them.

Used in the construction of external walls. External cladding will be required, since the appearance of a bare house is not presentable. It is best to use materials that have increased moisture resistance and resistance to deformation. For example: siding or facing clinker bricks.

Low price of material. The mass of the block directly depends on the quality of the cement mortar used in its production. The maximum number of floors is 2-3.

Advantages – frost resistance; safety; low thermal conductivity; ease of processing; acceptable sound insulation; speed of construction.

Flaws:

• specific choice of finishing products; not all materials are suitable;
• inability to screw in self-tapping screws, since the blocks have a cellular structure;
• increased requirements for moisture insulation.

1. Sibit houses.

Sibit is a type of aerated concrete. It is particularly durable and resembles wood in some of its properties. The material is lightweight and retains heat well. The thermal insulation properties are three times greater than brick.

• low strength of the material;
• Heavy cabinets and shelves should not be hung on partitions and walls (special fastenings will be required).

Thus, we can conclude that the most economical option is frame houses.

Approximate prices for country houses

When choosing the option with a frame or frame-panel house, the approximate price will be from 11 thousand rubles per square meter. Construction of a wooden house box will cost about 13,000 rubles. for one m2. For a building made of foam concrete blocks you will have to pay from 15 thousand rubles. for 1 m2. Brick house – 18,000/m2. Thus, knowing the total area of ​​the designed house, it will not be difficult to calculate the final cost of construction. But these are only the costs of building walls. To this amount it will be necessary to add funds for laying the foundation, insulation, costs of laying the roof, and interior decoration of the premises.

In Moscow and the Moscow region there are a huge number of offers for the sale of ready-made turnkey country houses. Example: a house with dimensions width/depth/height - 6000/6000/3020 made of laminated veneer lumber is sold at a price of 367,000 rubles.

The final cost of the house depends on your preferences regarding the choice of additional options and can double or even triple.

Choosing a foundation

1. Columnar foundation- one of the most common. Consists of pillars buried in the ground. The upper part protruding outwards is aligned horizontally.

Poles should be installed at the corners of the building, under walls and partitions. It is recommended to maintain a distance between them of 1-2.5 meters. The pillars are usually made of bricks or concrete blocks. It is used in the construction of frame-panel structures, houses made of logs and timber.

• efficiency;
• speed of construction;

• used only for light buildings;
• cannot be used on moving soils.

1. Strip foundation completely repeats the outline of the house, and ensures the stability and reliability of the structure. It is a strip of reinforced concrete or brick. One part of such a foundation is in the ground, the other on the surface. This allows you to build garages or cellars under the structure. But only if a recessed type of foundation is used. Conventionally, such a foundation is divided into shallow (50-80 cm) and deep (over 80 cm).

Used in the construction of any type of dachas.

• reliability and durability;
• high load-bearing capacity;
• wide scope of application.

• relatively high price:
• labor intensity.

• driving;
• printed;
• drilling;
• screw.

They are driven or screwed into the soil until they rest against a dense layer of earth.

1. Monolithic foundation– a reinforced base laid on a specially equipped bed of gravel and sand. Suitable for absolutely any soil, will withstand the load from any country house. There is only one drawback - the high price.

Each of us dreams of a quiet and cozy country house, where we can escape from the bustle of the city and just relax. Modern construction technologies allow you to purchase a garden house ready-made or build it yourself. In this article we will tell you how much it costs to build a garden house, what documents are needed to put it into operation and whether it is possible to do without them.

Budget option for a country house made of plywood

Garden house projects made from plywood take less time to build than houses made from timber. Due to the use of large sheets of plywood for sheathing the structure, they are fastened much faster than wood. If you know all the processes and have the necessary materials, plywood garden houses can be built in a week. In general, plywood is the simplest and most inexpensive material. In order to facilitate the construction process, experts suggest the following stages of construction. So, how to build a garden house from plywood:

• foundation support devices;
• construction of the frame;
• erection of vertical rafter supports;
• upper and lower skin;
• creating a subfloor using boards 20 cm thick or more;
• external cladding of the house with plywood; ordinary screws are used as fasteners;
• The interior cladding of the house involves the use of plywood, plasterboard, chipboard or fiberboard;
• for a comfortable stay inside the room, it is worth insulating it: a layer of mineral insulation is laid between the layers of cladding;
• installation of a finished floor using laminate boards or linoleum;
• covering the rafters with plywood;
• covering plywood with roofing felt.

Important! You can move around the frame only after the concrete has completely hardened.

To give an attractive appearance, you can use external cladding made of siding or wooden lining. Windows in the house can be installed from wood or any other material. The video shows how you can build a garden house with your own hands

Construction of a house from timber

The project of a garden house made of timber involves the use of simple or profiled timber. Country houses can be built from this material either with the help of specialists or independently. The plan of a house made of timber allows you to build various structures. For example, you can make a log house with a veranda or terrace. Before building a house, you need to decide on the type of foundation. As a rule, for houses made of timber, a columnar or strip type of foundation is used. When designing a small dacha, the best option would be a columnar foundation; for large houses with an attic, it is better to use a strip foundation. The construction of the foundation begins with laying concrete slabs on a compacted layer of sand, and lowering it 15 cm into the ground. When the foundation is ready, a layer of roofing felt waterproofing is laid on it. Next, the frame is constructed and laid on the base supports. Then we install vertical supports. The photo shows the frame of a garden house made of timber

If you like houses with a veranda, the lower logs are extended to the required length and installed on additional supports. To install the floor, you can use a thick board. When the floor is ready, the timber walls are laid. Dowels are used to secure the connections; a new crown is laid after the insulation layer. Insulation is necessary for each layer; jute or tow can be used as a material. Next we arrange the roof. To do this, we install rafters and braces. After everything is sheathed with roofing felt, finishing work on the floor covering is carried out. As a rule, linoleum or board is used as a covering. The next stage of construction will be the installation of windows and doors. The outside of your home can be made more attractive with siding or clapboard. A house built from timber is quite cheap and warm.

Garden house layout and cost

Construction of a summer house involves the presence of a small and simple building on a garden plot. As a rule, such houses are built in a small area, with one or two rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom, and a stove (if such are provided for in the building design). The photo shows standard projects of suburban structures:

If you decide to build a garden house with your own hands, we recommend choosing a small house measuring 4x6 or 6x6. The photo shows a cottage measuring 6x6

If you like space, you can take a 6x8 house project. The photo shows a project for a two-story garden house measuring 6x8

Such projects can rightfully be considered comfortable, cozy and roomy enough for temporary living by the whole family. But how much it costs to build a garden house will depend on the materials chosen and the use of additional force. The average cost of an ordinary country house will cost:

• installing the foundation on your own will cost $150, and with the involvement of specialists - $250;
• interior decoration will cost $700;
• a house with a frame, ready-made partitions, windows and doors can cost from 3,000 to 4,000 thousand dollars;

Paperwork

When construction is completed, you need to think about the documents. Any building must legally stand on a plot of land, regardless of whether it was built by a gardening partnership or you yourself. To obtain the right to property, the following documents are required:

• obtain a construction passport for land development. Such a document is issued by local architecture;
• submit an application to the architectural and construction inspection notifying the start of construction;
• carry out a technical inventory of the building; such work is performed by professional appraisers who have special permission to carry out such work;
• submit a declaration of commissioning of the property;
• assign the building its own postal address (addresses are assigned to residential and country buildings);
• pay a contribution for infrastructure development, as a rule, such contributions are made either by a partnership or by the owner of the house individually;
• obtain a certificate of ownership of the building from the state registration service.

Of course, for a gardening partnership such documents are prepared faster; the number of participants in the gardening society plays a role here. In addition to the documents described above, there are also requirements for the construction itself. The most expensive and difficult thing is to obtain a construction passport, because... There are quite a large number of norms and building rules governing development conditions. Common construction requirements include:

• the distance from your house to the neighboring one should be 0.8 m;
• the distance to the border of your site should be 1 m;
• distance to the street - 3 m;
• the distance of the house to utilities and networks is 3 m.

Expert advice! Do not agree to “fake documents”; this will only complicate the situation and lead to unnecessary waste.

As you can see, the construction of country houses is considered simple and accessible to everyone. To realize your dream, you need to draw up documents and choose a building project.

If you have recently purchased a summer cottage, then the issue of building a small country house is very relevant for you. You can store household items, expensive tools in it, as well as create a small lounge and kitchen. In this article we will look at how to make construction of a country house inexpensively with your own hands, and also find out which materials you can save a lot on.

Construction of a country house inexpensively with your own hands

Of course, like any construction, it also needs to start with calculating the budget. How much money are you willing to spend on this project? If enough, then you can think about building a brick house. Otherwise, it is recommended to use borrowed frame house technology. The advantages of this method are obvious - saving money, as well as the efficiency of the work performed. In just a couple of weeks your house will be ready for use.

Stages of construction of a country house:

Creating a project. If you do not want to contact a specialized agency, then you can create your own project that will be convenient for you personally. The main thing that you have to do in any case is to show your finished project to professionals in order to avoid possible problems in the future. As for the area of ​​the future home, it all depends on your personal preferences and capabilities. 40 sq.m. is quite enough.

Purchase of building materials. What materials are needed to build a country house with your own hands? Today the market offers a huge variety of high-quality, efficient and durable materials that are suitable for any construction:

• Log or beam. Wood will be needed in any case. Depending on the quality of the raw materials, the cost of the timber will fluctuate. Carefully inspect the material; it is important that it is thoroughly dried.
• Brick or cinder block. They have low cost, durability and reliability. Although building a house using these materials will not greatly affect costs, be prepared to spend a significant amount on subsequent wall finishing.
• SIP panels. High-quality, modern materials that not only save your money, but also time. A house made from SIP panels is warm, dry and comfortable.

Important! If you want to save money on materials, study the market thoroughly. You will be able to find high-quality raw materials at a big discount. You should not focus on branded companies, since they are the ones who mark up more than 50% on the price.

Where to start building a country house on a summer cottage?

The most important element of any country house is the foundation. The service life of the structure, its reliability and strength depend on it. Of course, the foundation should not be neglected, since any mistake or wrong action will immediately result in cracks and splits in the walls. Before digging a trench for the foundation, carefully calculate the weight of future materials - walls, roofing, sheathing, insulation and finishing. All this adds kilograms. Typically, the depth of the foundation of a house should be at least 1 m. After pouring, it must be left for a month to compact and dry.

Immediately after the foundation, you can begin building the frame and installing the roof truss system. It is also worth considering high-quality sewerage. If there is a central sewer system, then you should buy a septic tank with outlets to the irrigation fields.

So, is it possible to build a country house? inexpensively with your own hands? Certainly. The main thing is to plan and not rush to buy materials from the first person you meet.

See also video:

DIY garden cottage

Do-it-yourself summer houses for relaxation

Most summer residents live outside the city only in the summer and do not need expensive permanent homes. They want a roof over their heads and living space large enough to accommodate family members.

How to build a house with your own hands?

An optimal economic pension is best suited for this purpose.

Advantages of summer cottages

House boards are popular due to the following advantages:

• High level of construction - 2-6 weeks
• Low cost - from 3 to 8 thousand rubles per square meter. m versus 18 thousand rubles. per square meter. m for houses with brick walls
• Low weight, allowing the use of cheap, shallow foundations
• Resistance to freezing forces
• The ability to manufacture parts at the factory, which improves the quality of construction and simplifies assembly
• No shrinkage
• Wide range of architectural solutions
• Ability to warm up and adapt at home for life

Panel house design

The house consists of a wooden or metal frame covered with panels.

The metal frame is made of a rectangular cross-section, and the wooden frame is made of a rod. For external coatings:

• Lamels
• OSB panels
• Profiled film
• Moisture resistant plates
• Asbestos cement slabs
• toilet

The inner leather is made of moisture-resistant materials.

If the house is to be lived in all year round, the walls are lined with insulation.

Construction of panel houses

Construction companies offer services for the construction of turnkey panel holiday homes or a set of parts for their own construction. The first option frees the builder from most of the problems, while the other allows you to build a house for your dacha and save money.

Project selection

A quality project is the basis for success in building a house.

Serious companies that produce panel houses and key building kits offer dozens of standard models and offer custom design services.

Individual projects are quite expensive, so they are rarely used for economy-class houses.

Creating a standard project allows you to save on design and a wide selection of already prepared architectural solutions - choose the desired design and location of the house.

foundations

Under the light panel house, spacers and notches are used with columns and strips and screw pilots.

• Small hidden pillars reduce costs and shorten construction time.

  Columns are installed at intervals of 1.5 to 3 meters under external walls and columns, at the corners of the building and in places where internal walls connect to external walls. They are made from logs, concrete, red brick, bentonite and base blocks. The depth of the coating is up to 40 cm, the cross-section should exceed the thickness of the walls. To increase stability, the columns are connected to wooden or reinforced concrete beams

• Countertops do not allow for a warm basement.

  If the design is included in the design, a shallow, recessed base underlay is applied under the exterior walls, and a foundation base is provided under the interior walls. The depth of coverage and width of the tape are the same as for pillars. The belt is made from concrete, quarries or foundation blocks

• On weak floors it is based on screwdrivers.

  Using them allows the house to rest on solid ground that is deeper than the surface. Helicopter bases can be built in 1 to 2 days without the use of heavy equipment

frame

The panel of a prefabricated house can be made from a kit made in a factory or from purchased materials, in-house or from a contractor.

Turnkey construction of a house eliminates most of the problems for the developer, with the exception of monitoring the execution of construction work - it is impossible to check the quality of the frame assembly on its surface.

To self-assemble the frame from factory parts, you must follow the instructions and wiring diagram included with the kit.

The work resembles a design meeting and is entirely possible for a developer with experience in construction.

The cheapest, but most worrisome option is to build the lumber itself. Depending on the size and number of floors of the house, the frame is made of a rod 100x100 - 150x150 mm or 50 mm thick.

The frame is installed in the following order:

1. At the top of the base there is waterproofing of the roofing material
2. For the foundation using built-in parts and anchor bolts to attach the frame (thresholds) - beams, it is located at the edge of the house and under the prairie
3. Place logs and give rough soil.

   Fits on the edges of the base or beam beam

4. Install vertical skeleton posts - first on the corners and then on the walls of the 0.6 m shelf, installed on the cutout, sawn in the bottom panel, securing the clamp and nails and securing the first temporary and then permanent remainder.

   At the same time, they constantly control their verticality and position in the same plane. The corner posts are made of sticks and you can use the same 50mm width edge plate for intermediate use

5. In the upper places the top tape works. Framed door and window openings

All wooden structures must be impregnated with antiseptic compounds.

Overlapping and covering

Wooden columns are placed on the top frame of the frame and secured using structural clamps.

Width 3-4 meters - plate size 50x150 mm with a large range - 100x150-150x150 mm. The beam is 0.6 m. In this case, 1.8 m wide screens (modules) are used to cover the ceiling.

Rafting clusters are made on the floor on a panel 50x120-50x150 m.

First install the outer rafts, and then the intermediate elements that control the position of the rafters in one plane. Then make a box and close the roof. Roofing materials for a home should be lightweight, for example:

• Bituminous shingles
• Metal panel
• Profiled film
• Bituminous slate

Wall coverings

The width of the screens should be equal to the degree of installation of the frame rails and the length to the height of the walls.

Security guards are on offer at the workplace in the following order:

1. Plates assembled
2. On the frame there was a polyethylene film as a vapor barrier
3. Guide the inner frame frame
4. Frame facing, heater inserted inside
5. Wind resistant protective membrane
6. Get outer skin

The coat should be compressed over the frame by half the width of the frame frame to hide them.

The perimeter protection frame is covered with a heater and is tightly inserted between the frame frames. Application is done using nails. When using sheet material, it may be without a frame. The cutting blades are attached directly to the frame and the heater is inserted between the posts.

As can be seen from the description, the construction of a country house with a team of two or three people of average qualification.

Using factory modules significantly speeds up assembly. In just a few weeks after you start installing the frame, you can move into your cottage and enjoy the outdoors.

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Country houses made of foam blocks: building a house over the summer

Country houses made of foam blocks are lightweight and fireproof.

Thanks to the large dimensions of the blocks and precise dimensions, construction is carried out at high speed. It is quite possible to build a house over the summer.

The use of foam blocks in the construction of various structures guarantees heat conservation and fast pace of work. A country house made of this material will cost more than one made of wood, but less than one made of brick.

What are the benefits of foam blocks?

• They have a precise geometric shape and the dimensions are well maintained.

  Therefore, they can be installed quickly

• Moisture resistant
• Inexpensive
• Strength increases over time
• They have very low thermal conductivity.

  According to this indicator, it is one of the best materials for construction.

• They have a small specific gravity. Therefore, they are manufactured in fairly large sizes, which has a positive effect on the speed of wall construction
• Easy to handle

But there are also disadvantages

• Cannot bear heavy loads
• Slowly gaining strength.

  In this case, shrinkage occurs.

  DIY country house 6x6. Photo report. Part 1

  And as a result, cracks may occur.

Use high-quality autoclaved foam concrete - it is less susceptible to shrinkage.

For the construction of one-story country houses, the strength of foam concrete is quite sufficient. In this case, it is necessary to strengthen the upper load-bearing row with reinforcement.

Foundation

Usually, when building a country house, a shallow strip foundation is used.

It can be done in different ways.

• From prefabricated blocks laid without connection, freely
• Made from blocks, with reinforced belts installed above and below the blocks
• Made from rigidly connected reinforced concrete blocks
• Made from monolithic reinforced concrete

The choice of method is made depending on the properties of the soil.

The reinforced tape option is suitable for both subsidence and highly heaving soils. The width of the tape is made to exceed the thickness of the walls by 10-20 cm. Laying depth is up to 60 cm.

Base – within 40 cm.

On heaving soils, it is necessary to install a cushion made of non-freezing material.

Construction of the foundation

Stages of making a strip reinforced foundation with shallow depth.

1. Marking
2. Development of trenches.

   If the soil does not crumble, trenches are made the width of the foundation. Their walls will act as formwork

3. Filling a 30-centimeter sand and gravel bed in layers, compacting each layer.

   The thickness of each layer is 10 cm

4. Laying waterproofing material on the bottom and walls of the trench
5. Installation of formwork under the above-ground part of the foundation (basement)
6. Installation of fittings
7. Pouring concrete

Foundation quality conditions

To build a quality foundation, the following conditions must be met.

• The correct proportions of components in the concrete mixture
• There should be no air bubbles (voids) in the concrete.

  To achieve this, use a vibrator or bayonet the concrete with a metal rod.

• There should be no interruptions during filling

After pouring, until the concrete hardens, it requires maintenance. It must be protected from the sun and watered in hot weather. Insulate in cold weather.

Rolled waterproofing material is laid on top of the foundation.

The overlap of stripes must be at least 15 cm.

Wall masonry

Before you start building walls, you need to check the horizontalness of the foundation. The permissible height difference is 3 cm.

If necessary, leveling should be done with cement mortar.

The upper plane of the blocks laid in the wall must be horizontal. That is, not only the edges running along the wall must be horizontal, but also those across them.

Horizontal control is carried out using a level. The position of the block is adjusted if necessary with a rubber hammer.

First row

The laying of the first row must be done with extreme precision - the accuracy of the construction of the entire house depends on this.

• Find the highest point of the foundation using a level.

  The first block is laid in the corner closest to this point

• Then blocks are installed in all other corners
• A mooring cord is stretched between the corner blocks along the outer edge of the wall.

  The first row is filled in using it

• If any unevenness in the masonry is formed, they are eliminated with a plane or sanding board. Dirt and dust are removed with a brush

Reinforcement

The reinforcement is laid on foam blocks after filling the first row, and then after laying every fourth row.

A smoothly curved rod is placed in the corners.

• Using a grinder, grooves are made 4x4 cm at a distance from the edge of the block of at least 6 cm
• The grooves are cleaned of dust and moistened with water.
• Cement mortar is placed in the groove to half the depth
• A rod moistened with water is laid
• The recess is completely filled with solution

A monolithic belt is made at the floor level.

It connects load-bearing walls along the entire perimeter and gives spatial rigidity to the entire structure.

For laying foam blocks the following can be used:

• Cement-sand mortar
• Cement-sand mortar with added lime
• Adhesive for wall blocks

The solution with lime does not set so quickly and has good plasticity.

The glue allows you to make thin seams.

It has a fairly liquid consistency and does not set for a long time.

Block cutting

Usually a row cannot be laid using only whole blocks. You have to supplement it with chopped ones.

You can cut blocks with a hand hacksaw. The cutting line is drawn with a pencil on two adjacent sides to ensure an accurate cut. The cut surface is leveled with a sanding board or plane. A smooth surface is necessary to ensure good adhesion between the solution and the block.

Load-bearing walls

After laying the first row, you need to wait 1-2 hours until the solution sets.

Then the wall masonry continues.

• Corner blocks are laid and leveled
• The mooring is being stretched
• The row is filled with foam blocks
• Irregularities are removed with a plane or sanding board

The ligation sutures should be at least 10 cm.

The minimum length of the outer blocks (corner, opening) is 11.5 cm.

Internal load-bearing walls are connected to external ones by bandaging.

Partitions

1. The junction of the partition is indicated on the load-bearing wall
2. At this point, flexible connections (anchors) made of stainless steel are inserted into the seam. One end is in the load-bearing wall, the other is in the seam of the partition
3. Anchors are secured with nails

Anchors are inserted into the load-bearing wall through a row.

It is allowed not to secure them with nails, but simply press them into the solution.

Door and window openings

You can buy factory-made lintels for the ceiling, or they can be made from homemade hollow foam blocks, having a P-shaped cross-section.

1. Mark the locations of the cuts on the foam block
2. Having cut through the grooves, chop off the inner part with a construction hammer
3. Hollow blocks in the shape of an inverted letter U are laid over the opening on wooden supports.

   These can be boards or beams. The supports can be nailed to the side walls of the opening

4. 12-16 mm reinforcement is placed inside the cavity and concrete is poured. The supports remain until the concrete hardens.

You can lay foam blocks over the opening and on metal corners.

Roof

Wooden beams are usually used to construct floors in a foam block house.

The type of roof, its design and shape may vary. Its construction is not much different from this type of work when constructing houses using other building materials.

Exterior decoration

Although foam concrete does not penetrate to a great depth when exposed to moisture, the surface layer absorbs it quite well.

So if the walls are not covered with exterior decoration, they darken and begin to collapse.

The following can be used as exterior finishing for walls made of foam blocks:

• Hinged cladding installed with a gap (siding, decorative panels, house siding with imitation timber)
• Decorative plaster
• Composite panels
• Natural and artificial stone
• Painting with silicone paints

The construction of a country house from foam blocks is relatively inexpensive, and construction occurs quickly.

If you have some construction skills, it is quite possible to make such a house with your own hands.

Video about how to build a house from foam blocks

When building a house on a summer cottage, everyone wants to build one that will be comfortable to live in.

But coziness and comfort depend on the internal layout of the house. First of all.

And the layout itself depends on the size of the building, the number of people in the family, and the presence of small children. It also depends on whether you plan to live in the country only in the summer, or whether you want to come here all year round. There are some things you should definitely consider when deciding how to layout your home.

Layout of a one-story country house

Even a small house should have at least three rooms:

The kitchen can be positioned so that the entrance to the house is through it.

In this case, the kitchen room will also serve as a vestibule, which traps cold air if you come to the dacha in winter.

During cooking, the air in the kitchen heats up noticeably, which is also good for heating the house. This option is much better than building a cramped vestibule.

If you want to make a canopy, you can make it out of glass. Using profiles, double glazed windows and glass doors.

If you use your dacha all year round, you need to provide additional heating.

For example, you can plan a country house with a stove in the kitchen, the back wall of which opens into the next room.

This stove will heat two rooms at once. Well, you can install an electric heater in the bedroom. There are many economical modern models.

It should be taken into account that the house heats up much faster if good quality double-glazed windows are installed on the windows. It should be noted that the warmth in the house does not depend on the size of the windows, but on how well they are glazed. The best option is high-quality plastic windows with several panes.

If a country house made of laminated veneer lumber contains one room and a kitchen, then the living room is divided by a partition.

A bed is installed behind the partition. This house is suitable for a family of two people.

If there is one more room in the house, albeit a small one, then it is quite possible to arrange a nursery there.

And the dacha will already accommodate a family of four.

These tips are also suitable for those who already have a small garden house. But many people want to increase the number of rooms and are thinking about building a second floor.

Features of the construction of the second floor

Many people think that a great option for increasing living space would be to arrange a second floor.

But you first need to find out how strong the foundation under the house is. It is likely that it will not be able to support the additional weight. You need to find out about this in advance, and not after cracks begin to appear in the walls and the house begins to collapse.

In addition to this, there are some other features. They must be taken into account before building the second floor.

If there is enough free space on the dacha plot, then it is always better to build a spacious one-story house.

It costs less, and living in a one-story house is more pleasant.

No need to climb stairs. This is especially important if there are elderly people in the house. After all, stairs in two-story dachas are usually steep. They are easier to build than flat ones. In addition, it is much more difficult to heat a two-story house than a one-story house.

If you are building a second floor, there is no need to make concrete floors. It's easier to make them from wood. The house will be warmer. It is best to lift the stairs from the kitchen if it is located immediately outside the front door.

Heat will not escape to the second floor from the living room.

On the second floor there are usually one or two bedrooms. It is best to keep bedrooms small to make them easier to heat. After all, living in a country house, a person enters the bedroom only to sleep.

But, it must be repeated that if the area of ​​the plot allows, then it is better to build a more spacious one-story house instead of the second floor.

Construction of a terrace

Since people spend almost all their time outside in the summer, a covered terrace needs to be added to the house.

It can be located on the entrance side, then the terrace will also play the role of a porch. It needs to be provided with a good roof that will protect it from bad weather and the hot sun. It is also necessary to provide for the fastening of mosquito nets.

Some tips were given on how to make your country house more comfortable.

10 steps on how to build a country house over the summer

If a person plans to build a dacha from scratch, then he can plan it the way his heart desires. But not everything is as simple as it might seem. Below are the most common mistakes that people make when thinking about what kind of house to build on their summer cottage.

Of course, everyone’s tastes differ, but still, we will talk about those things that help reduce construction costs and increase comfort.

Mistakes when planning a country house

The house is too big
There is no need to build a house too big.

Thick walls in the house
Walls that are too thick require a more powerful foundation, and therefore extra costs.

Modern technologies make it possible to build lightweight houses, for example, frame houses, or from timber. Good insulation solves all heating difficulties, and the choice of high-quality material and qualified builders makes the house very durable.

Construction of a basement or ground floor
There is no need to create a large basement or basement floor unnecessarily.

These premises require high-quality waterproofing, insulation, ventilation and heating. For all this you need to hire specialists. Additional costs for building materials are required. Very significant. Also, do not build a base that is too high. This also increases costs.

If you plan to build a fireplace in the house, then you need to build it in the middle so that the heat from it spreads to adjacent rooms.

A fireplace built against an outer wall is completely irrational.

It seems that all things are very simple. But if you avoid these mistakes when planning your house, you can significantly save on building materials and construction time.

Video example of planning a country house using a special program

Posted on: 4-2-2016

For summer residents who are just about to build their first small house, my selection of 15 photos of country house design ideas will be very helpful. I must say, there is something to learn here and something to be surprised by, but what can I say - it’s better to see for yourself!

I draw your attention to the fact that there are no diagrams or plans here.

All material is provided for inspiration only. But, an experienced builder, if you show him a picture of a structure you like, he can easily build, if not exactly the same, then close to the original.

The first house simply captivated me with its canopy with a pointed roof. If it weren’t for this roof shape, it would have been a very ordinary country house! Agree, such a canopy roof, supported by slender wooden columns, gave the whole house sophistication and elegance!

A beautiful country house, to say the least!

And in this miniature house I really liked the turret at the very top. In terms of area, it is like a temporary shed, but the beautiful decoration of the walls, windows, tiles on the roof and this turret make it almost a palace!

By the way, flower boxes mounted under the window greatly improve the appearance of the facade, no matter how small it is!

This house is just very cute, especially the lattice windows and door.

This country house caused a storm of delight among my whole family.

I showed it to them, saying that we would build the same one for ourselves at the dacha. And a miniature terrace, and dormer windows on the roof! Just a peek. A miniature copy of a beautiful country mansion!

There is a lot of light in this house.

Choosing a garden house and its phased construction

because it has very large windows. But even in cloudy weather it is light and gives you a feeling of greater unity with nature! The pediment of this house is designed in an unusual way - it is decorated with two balusters.

And in this house there is a second light under the roof. Since there are no windows on one side, something like dormer windows are made under the roof itself.

True, from the photo it is clear that the owners use it as a workshop, but for newly-minted summer residents it could also serve as a shelter at night and from the rain.

A small wooden house with a canopy across the entire width of the roof.

A good solution - here you have a patio terrace, the wall of the house will protect you from the wind, and the roof canopy will protect you from rain and sun.

This little white house is just a fairy tale!

Elegant, romantic, with a pergola attached to it, it invites you to settle in and not know any grief! Still, white color adds sophistication to any building, even a very small one.

This interesting asymmetrical house has a frame structure and is lined with wood.

The originality of this building lies not only in its unusual roof, but also in the glazing of two walls, forming a “transparent corner” at the exit.

This house is simply attractive and well built.

The blue house under a tiled roof with white curtains looks very attractive.

It feels like the house has a caring owner!

And this bright house in front of a small pond made me feel tender. It is so small and so harmonious with its blue door and windows with tulle curtains that I wanted to sit down in front of it, dip my feet in the pond and daydream for an hour or two.

This house is made of wood, although it is low, it is very nice.

Well, the last house in the series of 15 best is a house with a trapezoidal canopy.

Beautiful, elegant, tastefully decorated - what else can you say! And there is a terrace next to it - there is a place to admire the stars in the evening!

Ideas for small cozy country houses

We could stop here, but there are so many ideas for small houses that I always want to look for something and share my finds with you.

Let me remind you that in America and Canada, the hobby of designing and creating houses on wheels of unusual shapes is very common. These are real residential buildings. I will continue to introduce you to interesting ideas for such houses. After all, if we exclude the wheels, then such houses will look great on our plots! Here is an overview video from the creators of this wonderful house.

There is no translation, but everything is clear.

My construction and life in the country

I would like to tell my story when we decided to live in the country and start all over again. In general, it so happened that our apartments did not exist, and in recent years we lived in rented apartments. And so life within the walls of others and frequent travel brought us - I wanted my own, peace and stability. But the way we live is not rich and can't buy anything, you decide to buy a Dacha (4sotki) and then another, we left the pages very cheap.

These sites are the same, we prepared that they were forced to leave all the bushes and trees from their homes, and yet they had the resources that I introduced sandstone and sand into the future of our home.

But after a few days we decided to give them a chance to defeat the house in the village, and then I brought the plate and two evenings (as I worked during the day), the house was almost ready. It looked like a trailer, but we were not aware of the beauty, it was already the end of September and cold and winter would soon be upon us. Below is a photo of creating a time zone

Construction of a cottage in the country - the beginning

He built it twice - he wanted it faster, but it got dark early, so he took a battery and a lamp with him. So, this house was looking for another night - it was not yet dark.

It worked like a screwdriver and wire, the design was very simple, so everything was done very quickly.

Cabin construction in the country

I then brought in some foam and the house was insulated with 10cm thick foam and foam sealed all the seams between the foam and all the openings.

He made the front door. And the interior, while there were bare slab walls. The next day he brought 200 pieces. red brick and it took two nights to build the brick. A photograph of the furnace design has not survived.

Construction of holiday homes

House dimensions 6.3 * 3m.

interior space 6*2.7, common living room 16.2 square meters, which had to accommodate four adults (me, mom and my two sisters) in the country, electricity, and this is what I thought about in advance. I made a wind generator, I installed a small battery and bought a 12/220 volt converter. The power of such a power plant was very small, because the wind turbine was small and was an irregular dean, also very low. But sometimes one energy-saving light bulb is enough.

All in all, it was a painful start, but a week into this construction, we moved into this period. The transfer took place on October 2, the same day as my sister’s birthday.

In the fall the woods were ready for the winter and a porch was added to the house.

The house is insulated externally with a vapor barrier, covered with film and internal shiny insulation. As a result, in the first winter we found out.

Winter in the country

In winter we were already at home with wind power for every 150 watts, there was enough electricity for lights and sometimes on TV, just as the wind was very weak and there was not enough battery power, but I saved everything for improvement, including the power plant.

I described everything about the plant in the section “My little adventures”,

Therefore, winter lived in such spartan conditions. My sister and I worked, paid in the spring, having accepted a loan 3 years ago, and at the beginning of the summer a new loan appeared, which spent the money on small items and bought a Chinese engine (110ss) to execute a tree, I went to him for a trailer trailer.

We bought a chain saw and two solar panels. up to 100 watts, so they were buying new batteries for the power plant until March.

In the summer, the porch was covered with luminous insulation to prevent it from overheating in the sun, and solar panels were installed on the wall.

Even the lights on the street and in the house repeated the wiring.

Solar panels

In the summer, the wood was prepared for the entire year, and the motorcycle made 35 trips from nearby forest stands.

So I bought corrugated cardboard, wood, cement, and I put a new corrugated panel fence on the front.

Wood collection

At the same time, I poured a concrete pad under the base of the future of our house.

There was no swimming under the foundation, it simply grew and leveled the surface and spilled a 40 cm wide strip around the perimeter of the house.

How to build a house in Dachau: characteristics and construction phases

The thickness of the concrete is 10-15 cm. Below the photo are parts of the concrete. This is how we lived in the fall, photo after the rain, there was a bit of a mess outside as I searched and twisted the jars under the winter potatoes.

Life in the country

Life in the country

In addition, 11 meters were excavated in Dachau, I dug it myself, I was in a hurry for almost a month and poured concrete with concrete, but I finished it.

So, the tile broke through. He dug a basement on the site of the future house, filled the basement with concrete, and then made a hatch into the roof. Small details were done on details, but I will not list all the little things, only the important ones. I wrote about the break here - Well, with my job 2.

Fine

This year, at the beginning of spring, I took 7 plate cubes, bought ruins and cement and started with the main overflow.

The bottom part of the photo is the preparation of the irrigation panels. Last year the center of the concrete base under the furnace was flooded.

Foundation formwork

After installing the panel panels around the perimeter, he reinforced with 10mm cast in two threads.

Then I invested in concrete and ended up like this.

Filling the foundation

The panel was attached with 6mm hex pins and once ejected it was easy to remove and remove the shell.

Filling the foundation

Then build the wall frame. The dimensions of the house are 6.30 * 10.80 m. The skeleton was placed alone, sometimes the truth helped the sister give or save something. All this has turned him into screws that pull themselves. bottom and top, then he used a homemade galvanized sheet metal plate.

DIY decorated house

DIY decorated house

DIY decorated house

DIY decorated house

Currently, the money for further construction has been completed.

Now you need to make money from corrugated cardboard and place a frame around the roof.

Continuation - second part of the frame

A house on a plot of land is simply necessary, because a dacha is not only a vegetable garden, but also a place for relaxation, and there will always be somewhere to hide from bad weather. As a rule, the design of such houses is not particularly complex, so even beginners in the construction business will not have any problems. Read more about how to make a country house with your own hands in this article.

Choosing the type of house taking into account the budget

The budget for an upcoming construction project is not always unlimited; quite often, financing for the construction of a country house is carried out on a residual basis, but even in this case, you can choose a good option.

The following types of houses in summer cottages can be distinguished:

• capital (made of natural stone, brick or wood);

• small houses, usually made of wood - frame construction technology is used;
• country houses made from block containers - almost ready-made structures;
• The houses for children stand apart - they are more like a combination of a playground and a small gazebo.

At the same time, the time and financial costs of building a small house will be comparable to the costs of building a medium-sized shed. And the use of modern technologies will reduce construction time to a minimum.

Start of construction

In the case of using frame construction technology, the entire process can be divided into separate stages:

• foundation installation;
• bottom trim device;
• securing frame elements– racks and braces, installation of joists, if necessary, assembly of the second floor frame;
• wall cladding;
• creating a roof frame and covering it;
• laying roofing elements, interior decoration of the house, protecting wood from climatic influences.

None of the listed operations require special skills, so anyone can build a house in the country with their own hands.

What should the foundation be?

There is simply no alternative to a reinforced strip foundation for a brick house. But if wood is used, then the main task of the foundation will be not so much to carry a heavy load, but to raise the house above ground level.

Therefore, with frame construction technology, they often make do with concrete or brick pillars (pile foundation), the top of which is 30 - 50 cm from the ground. It is important that the tops of the pillars are in the same plane. This is an inexpensive option, especially compared to .

The basement is built from brick after the construction of the house itself. It is not recommended to make it continuous; this will lead to the fact that moisture from under the house will evaporate very slowly.

Pay attention!
In the area that the foundation will occupy, you need to remove the plant layer of soil and replace it with sand.
Thanks to this, water will not stagnate under the house and the wood will not rot.

Bottom harness

This is the basis for the future floor and support for the wall frame. It is assembled from 10x15 cm beams and attached directly to the foundation.

Advice!
It is undesirable to connect the beams end-to-end in the corners - this will not provide the necessary rigidity.
It is recommended to use a connection using cutting, which is additionally reinforced with self-tapping screws or an anchor.

Sometimes, during the laying process, reinforcing bars (10-15 cm) are left in the foundation itself, onto which the framing bars are then simply placed. This method of fastening can be considered optimal in terms of rigidity and strength of the connection.

Frame for walls

At the planning stage, the main attention should be paid to developing the frame of the structure. You can prepare drawings of a country house with your own hands, or you can choose a suitable option on our website.

The main element of the frame is a vertical post, rigidly connected to the upper and lower trim. You can attach it to the strapping beams either using metal corners, or select a groove in the strapping beam and simply insert the stand into it.

The corner connection is less rigid, so it is advisable to use it only in small houses. If the structure is large enough, then these 2 methods can be combined.

To ensure that the racks do not warp during the assembly process (as long as they are fixed only in the lower part), they are additionally fixed with temporary braces in the form of ordinary strips. Permanent braces are installed only after work with the top trim is completed.

Pay attention!
The holes in the top rails must be located exactly above the holes in the bottom rail.
A displacement of even a couple of centimeters will cause the frame racks to bend.

When assembling the frame, you need to remember about window and door openings. The main rule is that the load from the structure should not be transferred to (so as not to warp it). Therefore, openings are always made wider than the window or door itself. The cracks then simply foam and disappear behind the platbands.

In the corners of the house, for greater strength of the frame, you can install not frame slats, but beams with a section of 10x10 or 10x15 cm. Grooves are drilled in the end of the beam and in the trim into which a wooden cylinder is inserted. Additionally, the connection is fixed with metal corners. In general, when assembling the frame, each connection can be strengthened with corners, but in this case the cost of construction will increase.

In parallel with assembling the frame for the walls, you need to start building the floor.

In frame construction, there are 2 options for flooring:

• when grooves are selected in the strapping bars and logs are attached to them. Reduces the load-bearing capacity of beams, suitable only for small construction sites;
• when the logs are assembled into one whole (it turns out to be a kind of box), then it is laid on top of the strapping and attached to it with self-tapping screws.

If you plan to build a do-it-yourself cottage for your dacha for winter living, then you need to insulate the floor. For this purpose, ordinary polystyrene foam is suitable, which is simply placed in the spaces between the lags. The gaps formed after installation can simply be foamed with polyurethane foam.

Installation of the top trim and wall covering

The instructions for installing the upper trim contain the same points as when installing the lower trim. After completing its installation, you can remove the temporary braces and finally strengthen the wall frame with permanent braces.

After this, selections are made in the beams of the upper trim for the joists for the installation of the ceiling. If desired, these logs can not be hidden, but rather turned into an interior detail. The joists should extend slightly beyond the walls; this will be needed when installing the rafters.

As for wall cladding, you can use regular boards, lining or siding for this - the choice depends more on the budget. But regardless of the material chosen for cladding, the walls need to be insulated, especially since the price of insulation is not so high.

To do this, insulation, for example, mineral wool, is simply inserted between the frame posts. Then a special film is fixed on the outside with a stapler (it allows moisture to pass in one direction), and sheathing strips are placed on top of it. And only after this the framing of the frame begins.

Roof frame construction

The simplest and cheapest option is a flat roof. In this case, it is enough to simply maintain the required slope at the stage of assembling the wall frame. But the classic gable roof is much more common.

The rafter system is selected depending on the size of the house. So, for a small building you can use a hanging system. In this case, the rafter legs rest only on the walls or on the logs.

A layered system will be needed if the house has internal load-bearing walls - additional supports are installed to prevent the rafters from sagging.

A sheathing (solid or lattice) is placed on top of the rafters and a waterproofing carpet is laid out. After this, all that remains is to secure slate, tiles or any other covering to the slopes.

Children's country houses

They are a combination of a small house and a playground. Therefore, the main requirement here is that parents have imagination. You can build a house for a child in your country house with your own hands in just 1-2 days.

When working on the design of such a structure, you can use the following tips:

• you can make it 2-story, and place, for example, a sandbox on the lower floor;
• a slide adjacent to the house would not be out of place;
• an external staircase to the second floor is required;
• you can equip it with a “warehouse” for toys (shovels, buckets, etc.).

A child, of course, will not live in such a house. The main purpose of the “new building” is to have fun with friends.

Block containers as a country house

Standard cargo containers can be used, unless, of course, the elongated shape of the future “house” bothers you. If you wish, you can cut out the side walls with a grinder, arm yourself with a welding machine and use the container frame as the basis for the house. Welding will require electricity, but renting a diesel generator for your dacha will solve this problem.

Summing up

A house is an integral component of any dacha plot; in fact, this is what distinguishes a dacha from a simple vegetable garden. A small house on a plot of land will require a minimum of time and financial costs, but will make outdoor recreation unforgettable and will become a cozy corner for all family and friends.

In the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic.