Cultivated herbaceous plants for open ground. Bathing plant: photos, types, cultivation, planting and care in open ground
Swimsuit: description
Genus Swimsuit (Trollius) belongs to the Buttercup family and is represented by 30 species of perennial herbaceous rhizomatous plants. The habitat covers the northern hemisphere, where the swimsuit is found as part of meadow grass. It is also typical for mountain landscapes. Latin name The genus probably came from the ancient German word “troll” - ball, due to its spherical shape. But this is just one version. Popular belief says that the swimsuit is a favorite plant of the magical forest inhabitants - trolls, therefore it is quite possible that the name of the genus is given from the German word “Trollblume” - troll flower.
Bathhouses are racemose - numerous adventitious roots extend from the rhizome in a bunch, but the main root is absent. A dense network of cord-like adventitious roots is located at the soil surface. The aerial part is formed by a rosette of simple palmate-lobed or palmately divided lush green leaves on long petioles. As a rule, it is formed in the first year of the plant’s life and reaches 15-40 cm in height and the same in diameter. Simple or branched stems are covered with sessile leaves only in the upper part. The swimsuit blooms from late spring to mid-summer of the second year of life. With age, the number of peduncles increases. Depending on the species, the flower of the swimsuit is more or less closed, but in any case there is a small opening at the top for the flight of pollinating insects. The sepals, from 5 to 20, arranged in a spiral, overgrown, colored orange or resemble petals, fall off after flowering. The petals have transformed into nectaries, and their length - less than, greater than or equal to the size of the sepals - is a species characteristic, as is the color of the stamens and pistils. The fruits are leaflets with a spout, opening in July - August along the inner seam. They are collected in spherical fruit and bear black shiny oval seeds.
Swimsuit landing
The swimsuit is unpretentious to growing conditions. They live in natural conditions; it is recommended to place them in the garden on sunny places. It should be remembered that the more illuminated the area, the more moisture the plant will need. Optimal soils- , drained, which is especially important for drought-resistant species - swimsuits Djungarian, Altai . They must be rich organic substances, with a pH level of 5.5-6.4 (close to neutral). The recommended soil mixture consists of leaf soil and sand (1:1:0.5), to which you can also add chopped sphagnum moss so that the substrate retains moisture longer. Stagnation of groundwater is undesirable. Waterlogging has a negative effect on the growth and development of the plant.
Swimsuit: care
During growth and flowering, from May to July, swimsuits need moist soil, so watering is necessary in dry weather. In August - September, watering is reduced. The swimsuit is responsive to the introduction of complex. Feed three times per season: in April (with a predominance of nitrogen), in July and in September. (peat or humus) is applied in spring (April) and autumn (September), mulching the bushes. During the entire growing season, it is recommended to add soil to the base of the bush, since the bulk of the roots of the swimsuit are concentrated at the surface of the soil. It is recommended to cut out fading flower stalks to stimulate re-blooming. Yellowing leaves should not be cut off before the end of the growing season (before August-September), as this will negatively affect the quality of flowering next year. After dying, the leaves are removed, leaving the bases of the petioles 2-3 cm long. The swimsuit does not like frequent transplants; it grows successfully in one place for 5-10 years, but to rejuvenate the plants, it is recommended to divide them in the fifth or sixth year of life. The swimsuit is winter-hardy without shelter in central Russia, the most frost-resistant representative of the genus is Ledebourg swimsuit .
Diseases and pests of swimsuit
Swimsuits do not suffer from pests and diseases. Occasionally they can be damaged by fungal diseases - smut, septoria, to prevent which it is necessary to remove dead leaves in the fall. If a source of infection occurs, plant debris is destroyed and treated with fungicides.
Swimsuit: reproduction
The swimsuit propagates vegetatively - by dividing the bush, cuttings, and also seeds.
Divide the bush in late April - early May, late August - early September, or in mid-summer, after flowering. It is recommended to divide five-year-old plants that are well developed and capable of active growth. The bush is dug up, the roots are washed, and the rhizome is divided into several parts with a sharp knife or rhizome, so that each division has 3-4 renewal buds. Too small divisions take a long time to take root. The sections are treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or. The delenki are immediately planted in the flower garden, avoiding drying out, with the root collar buried to a depth of 2 cm at intervals of 30-40 cm (6-8 pieces per 1 sq.m). The very next year, young plants are able to form 5-6 peduncles and bloom profusely.
Shoots at the base of the bush that form in the spring, as well as summer rosettes with a piece of rhizome are used as cuttings. Cuttings are rooted in May - July in a mixture of peat with sand or perlite after treatment with a root formation stimulator (for example, Kornevin).
Swimsuit seeds are sown immediately after collection, in July - August, or in the fall, in October - November. Seeds are sown in soil or a box dug in the garden, in a mixture of peat, sand and leaf soil (2:2:1). Shoots appear in spring, in mid-late May. Seedlings need watering and shade from hot weather. sun rays. At the stage of the first pair of true leaves, seedlings dive at a distance of 8-10 cm. In preparation for the first winter, it is recommended to cover young plants with spruce branches. Cultivated swimsuits bloom in the 2-3rd year; at this age, in April - May or September, they are transplanted to a permanent place. You can also sow swimsuit seeds in April - May after at a temperature of +2...+4°C for 3-4 months.
Bathing suit in flower beds
The yellow-orange sunny flowers of swimsuits look especially impressive against the background of the blue sky and water. Swimsuits are magnificent in plantings near, in spots on, in the middle ground, on the sunny side of tree and shrub groups. Miniature species (stemless swimsuit, dwarf) remarkable among the stones next to peg, . After flowering, in July-early August, the plants lose their decorative appearance, the yellowing leaves are removed, and by autumn the root rosette grows again. Given this feature, you need to use partners with a lush rosette of leaves - , . Successful combinations with , large-leaved, gravilate , blooming at the same time as the swimsuit. Among shrubs, low-growing varieties will become good neighbors , .
Types of swimsuits
European swimsuit (Trollius europaeus) depending on the growing conditions, the height of the peduncles varies from 40 to 100 cm, the sizes of the leaves and flowers increase accordingly. Light yellow or golden, almost completely closed flowers, formed by 10-20 sepals, reach 5 cm in diameter and decorate the plant from the end of May for a month. The nectaries are colored orange and are hidden under the sepals, like other parts of the flower. The spout of the leaflet is short and looks inward.
The highest bathing suit (Trollius altissimus) different from European swimsuits openwork deeply dissected leaves and a large, branching peduncle 1.3-1.5 m tall almost from the base. It bears greenish-yellow flowers up to 6 cm in diameter. The spout of the leaflet is longer and directed upward.
Asian swimsuit, or Frying (Trollius asiaticus). The rosette of leaves is 20-30, less often 40 cm in height, the peduncle reaches 40-50 cm, in cultivation up to 70 cm. The orange-red sepals are equal in size or slightly shorter than the nectaries. Varieties and forms vary in the degree of dissection of the leaf, the richness of the color of the sepals and the doubleness of the flower.
Chinese swimsuit (Trollius chinensis) differs from the previous species in its larger peduncle height - up to 100 cm. In July it bears open golden-yellow flowers with long nectaries.
Swimsuit large-petaled (Trollius macropetalus). Powerful peduncles up to 80-100 cm in height from the end of May for 3 weeks are decorated with wide-open flowers up to 5 cm in diameter. The nectaries are directed upward, they are twice as long as the sepals. A rosette 30-50 cm tall is formed by large, up to 15 cm in diameter, three- or five-part leaves.
Altai bathing suit (Trollius altaicus). The rosette reaches 30 cm in height, the stem is 80-90 cm. There are 10 to 20 sepals, they are twice as long as nectaries, sometimes have a reddish tint on the outside. The flower is slightly open, black pistils and purple anthers are visible. Flowering lasts from the last days of May for a month. The leaflet fruit has a spout bent outward.
Half-open swimsuit (Trollius patulus) forms a rosette of palmately divided leaves with a serrated edge up to 20 cm tall. Straight, almost unbranched stems up to 35 cm tall, medium-sized, widely open flowers up to 3 cm in diameter, consisting of 5-10 golden sepals. Flowering period is mid-May-June. After flowering, the stem lengthens greatly. The spout of the leaflet is straight or bent outward.
Dzungarian swimsuit (Trollius dschungaricus). The rosette is formed by slightly leathery three- or five-part leaves with a small number of teeth along the edge. Golden-yellow flowers up to 5 cm in diameter, open, with dark pistils, adorn the plant from the end of May for 2-3 weeks. The height of the peduncle depends on the place of growth and ranges from 10-15 cm in the mountains to 40-50 in the meadows middle zone In Russia, in culture the height is 50-65 cm. The size of the rosette changes accordingly.
Ledebur's bathing suit (Trollius ledebourii). Peduncles up to 1 m in height bear large, up to 6 cm in diameter, open orange flowers, the nectaries of which are at least 1.5 cm in length, but not longer than the sepals. Flowering period is mid or late May - June. In cultivation, the height of peduncles can reach 1.2 m, and the diameter of the flower - 8 cm. The height of the rosette of leaves is 30-50 cm. Varieties differ in the color of the sepals and nectary petals, the diameter of the flower (4-7 cm), the height of the peduncle (50-70 cm and above).
Stemless swimsuit (Trollius acaulis)- a miniature plant with a dense rosette of carved leaves and open juicy yellow flowers about 2 cm in diameter rising above it at a height of 10 cm. They consist of five sepals. Flowering period is May-June.
Dwarf swimsuit (Trollius pumilus). From the center of the rosette formed by carved leaves with a finely toothed edge, in May-June, straight peduncles 15-30 cm tall appear, bearing relatively large (2-3 cm in diameter) flowers consisting of five golden sepals.
Reader's swimsuit (Trollius riederianus). Stems 30-40 cm tall at the end of May-June bear large flowers up to 5 cm in diameter. The broadly oval sepals are colored light orange or yellow. The nectaries are short and do not exceed the stamen. A rosette 20-30 cm tall is formed by five-part leaves up to 10 cm in diameter.
Beautiful swimsuit (Trollius pulcher). Flowers 3-5 cm in diameter are formed by orange-yellow sepals (at least 10 of them). Peduncles 35-40 cm tall appear from early to mid-May to late June. Delicate thin leaves form a rosette up to 20-25 cm tall. In culture, the height of the rosette increases to 45 cm, and the height of the stem - up to 100 cm.
Cultural swimsuit (Trollius x cultorum, Trollius x hybridus)- a plant of hybrid origin, among the parents of which are European, Asian, large-petalled and Altai. The rosette is formed by palmately dissected leaves of a juicy green color with clear venation. Peduncles 60-90 cm tall bear large, up to 7 cm in diameter, flowers of cream, light yellow, yellow, orange, orange-red color, often double. Varieties vary not only in appearance plants, but also according to the flowering period - from early May to mid-July.
During growth and flowering, from May to July, swimsuits need moist soil. The swimsuit is responsive to the introduction of complex mineral fertilizers. It is recommended to cut out fading flower stalks to stimulate re-blooming.
A bathing suit in color is a real highlight of spring group plantings. Its bright inflorescences, which look like fireballs, create the illusion of warmth and joy. Among other garden crops, the swimsuit stands out for its ease of care and abundant flowering. Therefore, you can meet it in almost every garden.
The bathing plant (Siberian rose, trollius, kupavka) is a flower shrouded in legends. Its name comes from the German trollblume, which translated means “troll flower.” Scandinavian beliefs say that these amazingly beautiful flowers were the favorites of forest dwellers - fairytale trolls. The Russian name of the flower, according to one legend, appeared thanks to the swimsuit’s love for wet places of growth. And if you believe an older Slavic legend, the flower owes its name to the patroness of reservoirs - the goddess Agrafena the swimsuit. Bathwort is a herbaceous perennial belonging to the Ranunculaceae family. The habitat of its subspecies is vast. The swimsuit can be found throughout the northern hemisphere. It grows in forests, on mountain slopes, meadows, along rivers in Europe, Asia and America. In some countries, the swimsuit is already listed in the Red Book. In its natural habitat, the swimsuit has about twenty varieties, but only a few garden forms are grown in culture. The European swimsuit has become more widespread. To fully understand the characteristics of this culture, let us consider what the characteristics are external structure European swimsuits:
Swimsuit plant, varieties and varietiesSwimwort species are widely distributed throughout the world, so their names often reflect their natural range. Only a few of them are found in culture.
In gardens, it is customary to grow bred varieties of swimsuit, rather than wild varieties. Thanks to the work of breeders, today there are many hybrid forms that are distinguished by large flowers, different shades and a long flowering period. All of them are united by one name: hybrid or cultural swimsuit. The following varieties are available for sale:
Bathing suit, planting in open groundThe easiest way to start a swimsuit on your property is to buy ready-made seedlings and plant them in a flower bed. You don’t need any special skills to grow it, but it is important to remember one feature of this crop: trollius grows only in moist soil and if you plant it in dry soil, it will die. Choosing a place to plant a swimsuit and preparing the soilWhen choosing a place to plant, pay attention to an area with diffused light. This could be a cozy place under tall ornamental bushes or a rocky hill. The main thing is that the bright sun does not shine on the swimsuit for a long time. You can plant a bathing suit in an open flower bed, but you must be prepared for the fact that its flowering will be short-lived, and the flowers will be faded and small in size. The swimsuit has no requirements for the composition of the soil, so there is no need for serious preparations before planting. But medium loamy soil will have a good effect on flower development. It is also desirable that there is no stagnation of water in the selected area. If you still want to create best conditions for trollius, you can add a little mixture of peat with humus and 10 g of nitrophoska to the planting hole. And if the plant is planted in a sandy mixture, it is advisable to add moss, which will ensure the preservation of moisture.
Planting a swimsuit in a flowerbedThe planting of the swimsuit should be carried out in August. Although all its varieties are frost-resistant, young plants must grow stronger and grow rhizomes before winter. If you plant the trollius later, it will most likely die with the arrival of the first frost. All varieties of swimsuit quickly take the form of a densely branched bush, so plants need to be planted at a distance of 50 cm from each other. The root collar of the plant needs to be deepened by 2 cm. The leaves are immediately trimmed so that rooting is successful. New foliage blooms within two weeks after planting.
Bathing suit, garden careTrollius needs to be watered all the time, fertilize periodically and cut off dried shoots. If you adhere to these basic rules, the plant will grow quickly and will even delight you with double flowering in a season. Watering and weeding the bathing suitThe plant needs to be watered often, but without excess: the bathing suit should be in moist soil without stagnant water. Any deviations towards underwatering or overwatering will negatively affect the growth and flowering of the crop. This point is especially important in caring for young bushes. Removing weeds is a must when caring for a swimsuit. To save strength, you can mulch the bush. This will maintain moisture near the roots and prevent weeds from “choking out” the plant. But if mulch does not fit into the landscape design, you can do without it. Frequent loosening of the soil is also carried out to a depth of 2-4 cm, but not deeper, so as not to damage the fragile root system.
Using fertilizers for a swimsuitSwimsuit is an unpretentious flower, so you don’t have to apply a lot of fertilizer. To enhance flowering in the spring, fertilizers are applied (it is better to do this before the flowers appear). Then, at intervals of two or three weeks, two more feedings are done. For trollius, you can use nitrophoska (5 g per bucket of water), urea (1 tbsp per 10 l of water) or complex organic fertilizers(Agricole). The swimsuit responds well to the addition of humus and peat.
Pests and diseases of the swimsuitThis culture is characterized by increased immunity to diseases. The only microorganism that can infect a swimsuit is a fungus. To avoid this, you need to adhere to the required watering regime and remove dried leaves in a timely manner.
Methods of propagation of the swimsuitYou can get a new generation of swimsuit by dividing the bush and sowing seeds. Let's look at each method in more detail. Growing swimsuit from seedsThe seeds of the swimsuit ripen by autumn. They can be sown in open ground, but to ensure high germination, they require long-term stratification. Therefore, seeds are sown closer to winter. It is better to sow seed material in loose, breathable soil. The best option would be a mixture of peat, soil and sand (2:2:1). Shoots actively appear in the first days of May. If the weather is hot, they will need plenty of watering and shelter from the damaging sun. As soon as the seedlings acquire a pair of full-fledged leaves, you need to pick them. The sprouts should be planted at a distance of 7-10 cm from each other. After a year, the strengthened swimsuits can be transplanted to a permanent flowerbed.
Reproduction by dividing the swimsuit bushAdult plants are propagated by dividing the bush. In the fall, the bathing suit is dug up, divided into separate sections with roots and shoots, and then planted in a prepared place. Before the onset of cold weather, new bushes take root safely. If the division of the swimsuit is carried out in the spring, this can be done before flowering.
The use of bathing suits in folk medicineAlthough the bath is quite poisonous plant, it is often used in alternative medicine. As a rule, in medicinal purposes Only the European variety is used. All parts of the plant are suitable for treatment. Decoctions and tinctures with pronounced anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties are prepared from them. The flower extract helps to cure dropsy and scurvy, and a decoction of the rhizome helps to cure scabies. And an infusion of leaves is an excellent remedy for angina pectoris and problems with the gastrointestinal tract. The above-ground part of the bathing suit is used in choleretic preparations. It also serves as the basis for ointments against abscesses, boils, and infected wounds.
Swimsuit in landscape designTrollius, despite wide application V folk medicine, is actively used to create rock gardens, design artificial reservoirs, and to complement buildings in the Swiss style. The swimsuit looks unsurpassed with other colors of purple, dark blue, and lavender. A good pair for trollius would be cornflowers, sleep grass, primroses, columbine, wood sorrel, and delphinium.
Swimsuit, photo in nature
Video “Swimsuit, the legend of flowers” |
Swimsuits - perennial herbs, in nature they are found in meadows, forest glades, along the edges, often in the mountains, where they are part of meadow vegetation. The leaves are quite large, beautifully dissected. Flowers of yellow, orange, sometimes greenish tones, large, round, in some species with a pleasant subtle aroma. Most swimsuits bloom in late spring - early summer (second half of May - June).
Flower ball
There are two versions of the origin of the scientific name of the genus. According to one of them, it owes its appearance to the German Trollblume(troll flower). German and Scandinavian beliefs attribute to trolls a special love for this plant. Another point of view connects the name "trollius" with the Latin Trulleus(round vessel, cup) and Old Germanic troll (ball). It is curious that the English name of the plant is Globeflower- also means “ball flower”.
The Russian name for bathing suit is probably associated with the flowering time of this plant - the beginning of summer. In the second half of June there were two holidays: Agrafena the Bathing Suit (June 23, old style) and the more famous Midsummer Day (Ivan Kupala Day), since pagan times dedicated to the summer solstice (June 20-22).
Swimsuits took a prominent place in garden culture only in the 19th century, although they were grown in limited quantities in gardens much earlier. The following types are currently most in demand.
European swimsuit
European swimsuit (T.europaeus) has a vast range that covers Europe (except the south), the European part of Russia and Western Siberia. In nature it grows along forest edges, clearings, damp meadows and thickets of bushes. Known in culture since the 16th century. Nowadays it is a protected plant.
Perennial herbaceous plant 20-60 (80) cm tall. The leaves are dark green, palmately dissected, rugged along the edges. Flowering occurs at the end of May - June and lasts up to a month, its duration depends on weather conditions: in hot, dry weather, swimsuits fade in a matter of days.
The flowers are unusual, spherical, closed, up to 5 cm in diameter, solitary. What looks like sunny yellow petals are actually... sepals. The petals of the swimsuit are less noticeable and serve as nectaries. In the center of the flower there are numerous stamens and pistils, but they can only be seen by spreading the sepals apart. The flowers of the European swimmer have a delicate, refined aroma.
European swimmer reproduces well by seeds. In cultivation, young plants bloom in the 2-3rd year, in natural conditions - in the 9-10th. In natural populations, there is a variety of petal color tones: pale yellow, lemon, bright yellow.
Asian swimsuit
Asian swimsuit, or hot (T.asiaticus), found in nature in Siberia, the Polar Urals, Central Asia, and Mongolia. Grows in the mountains (up to 2500 a.s.l.), in light forests, in subalpine and alpine meadows. In culture since the middle of the 18th century.
Herbaceous perennial 10-80 cm tall. The leaves are dark green, palmately dissected, rugged along the edges. Flowering occurs in late May - June and lasts about 3 weeks.
The flowers are spherical, semi-open, up to 5 cm in diameter, solitary. The sepals are colored orange or yellow-orange. The nectary petals are approximately equal in length to the sepals, but are noticeably already colored in orange tones. In the center of the flower there are numerous stamens and pistils.
Chinese swimsuit
Chinese swimsuit (T.chinensis) grows in the Far East, Northern China, Japan. In culture since the beginning of the 19th century.
Herbaceous perennial 20-80 (100) cm tall. The leaves are dark green, palmately dissected, rugged along the edges. Blooms in July-August for a month.
The flowers are semi-open or open, up to 5 cm in diameter, solitary. The sepals are colored orange or yellow-orange. The nectary petals are narrow, sticking up, longer than the sepals, colored orange. In the center of the flower there are numerous stamens and pistils.
Ledebur's bathing suit
Ledebur's bathing suit (T.ledebourii)
found in Eastern Siberia, the Far East, Mongolia, China, and Japan. Grows in damp meadows, forest clearings, and bushes. In culture since the end of the 19th century.
This view is very similar to the Chinese swimsuit. It has a slightly earlier flowering period and is more winter-hardy. In large plants, flowers can reach 8 cm in diameter. In good conditions it grows over the years, the bush can produce up to 40-50 flowers per season.
Altai bathing suit
Altai bathing suit (T.altaicus) found naturally in Altai, Western Siberia, Central Asia, Northern China and Mongolia. It grows in subalpine and alpine meadows and extends into the upper part of the forest belt. In culture since the end of the 19th century.
Herbaceous perennial 20-80 (90) cm tall. The leaves are dark green, palmately dissected, rugged along the edges. Flowering occurs in late May - June and lasts about a month.
The flowers are spherical, semi-open, up to 5 cm in diameter, solitary. The sepals are colored orange or golden yellow. The nectary petals are half as long as the sepals and are orange. In the center of the flower there are numerous stamens and pistils, colored in dark purple tones. Thanks to this feature, the flowers have a very impressive appearance, slightly reminiscent of poppies.
Cultural swimsuit
For several decades, work has been underway on the hybridization of swimsuits. The result was hybrid species - cultural swimsuit (T. xcultorum), created in the process of crossing between European, Chinese and Altai swimsuits. The cultural plant is used to create new garden forms and varieties. Among them there are already plants with pale lemon, almost white flowers.
Swimsuits benefit from moderate feeding: nitrogen fertilizers in spring, complex - in mid-summer Lilac swimsuit
Introduction to culture opened new horizons in the selection of swimsuits lilac swimsuit (T.lilacinus) from the mountains of Central Asia, Siberia, China. This species, rare in beauty, lives in very unique conditions: in snowy meadows in the highlands. In cultivation it is complex and capricious, but can be used for crossing and breeding new varieties with flowers of unusual colors.
Care
Swimsuits are unpretentious, their culture does not require any specific techniques. Plantings are weeded and watered. Especially watering is important during the flowering period, if the weather is hot and dry. Loosening is not very useful for swimsuits, since they form a lot of superficial roots. Instead, plants are mulched with peat or humus.
Always in shape
As flowering fades, remove the formed ovaries, so that they do not spoil the appearance of the clump and do not produce unnecessary seeds. The leaves of the swimsuits are decorative throughout the growing season, so they are cut only in the fall, when they begin to wither, at a height of 2-3 cm from the ground. After this planting, it is recommended to sprinkle it with nutritious compost, which, among other things, serves as fertilizer. Swimsuits are winter-hardy and do not need shelter.
They grow in one place for up to 10 years or more; replanting with concomitant division of the bush is recommended as flowering weakens, approximately once every 6-7 years. The best time for this procedure is the second half of summer.
Planting concerns
Usually swimsuits do not suffer from pests and diseases. Occasionally they may be affected smut, septoria, penetrating short-bodied nematode. As a preventative measure, experienced gardeners recommend early spring sprinkle the plantings with ash, and at the beginning of flowering, spray with epin. Leaves cut in autumn must be burned so as not to provoke the development of fungal diseases.
Reproduction
Swimsuits multiply seeds and division of rhizomes. Seeds are sown immediately after collection in the ground or in boxes. It is also possible to sow last year's seeds in spring, which have undergone 3-4 months of stratification at a temperature of +2...4 degrees.
The germination rate of many species is quite low, and germination is unfriendly. The seedlings are watered, not allowing the soil to dry out, and shaded from direct sunlight. After the appearance of the second true leaf, the seedlings dive at a distance of 8-10 cm from each other.
Young plants are planted in a permanent place in the spring of their second year. A number of species bloom already at the age of 2 years, however, the first flowering is usually limited to only one peduncle with a medium-sized flower. Over the years, the specimen grows, the stems become more branched and bear several flowers, the size of which increases.
Curtain division
The division of the clump for propagation is carried out at the age of 4-5 years; in older plants, the divisions take root less well. The best time for this is August - early September. The plant is dug up, the roots are shaken off the ground and the rhizome is cut into several pieces of arbitrary size. The main thing is that each of them has buds and roots.
It is useful to treat the sections with a solution of potassium permanganate or sprinkle with crushed coal. Prepared planting material planted in a permanent place as quickly as possible to avoid drying out.
The root collar is buried 2 cm, the distance between copies is 30-40 cm. It is recommended to trim the leaves. As soon as the plant takes root, new ones will appear.
Place in the garden
Bathing suits look great in solitary plantings on lawns, along the edges of trees and shrubs, and along the banks of reservoirs. They are good in rock gardens, against the backdrop of large stones or small rubble, and in stumpery, near mossy stumps and snags. Swimsuits successfully complement the middle plan of the mixborder.
In rock gardens they go well with bergenia, saxifrage, sedum, lungwort, and in a mixborder - with hosta, cornflower, and cereals.
Bathworts (Trollius) are herbaceous perennial plants that belong to the ranunculaceae family. They grow in meadows, forest clearings and mountain slopes. These are herbaceous wild perennial plants. Their habitat is vast; representatives of this genus can be found almost everywhere in the northern hemisphere; they grow both in the tundra and in the desert. Different types found in different natural conditions, some of them are characteristic of alpine meadows, while others prefer wet river valleys.
This plant is called differently in different places - trollius, kupava, kupavka, frying, ogonek. IN different countries the names vary, but almost always reflect the bright colors of the flowers and a preference for moist habitats.
The leaves of the swimsuit are palmately divided or lobed. In the first year, only the basal rosette of petiole leaves usually develops. The next year, a sparsely leafy shoot with a flower appears. The leaves on it are smaller and sessile.
The flower of the swimsuit is spherical, semi-closed. Color ranges from lemon yellow to orange-red depending on the species. The most beautiful flowers y . They are often called frying. The bright flowers of the swimsuit are a real find for the garden. In a permanent place without transplantation, these flowers can grow for a very long time.
Using a bathing suit in the garden
Like other unpretentious plants of temperate climates, swimsuits are planted where they will decorate the garden without requiring any care. They are usually placed in landscape compositions in the form of free picturesque groups among the grass. Suitable places for planting are well-lit edges and the banks of artificial reservoirs. At the pond, trollies go well with the blue or purple catchment.
Bathing suits are used in rocky gardens. Most species prefer moist soil, so they are planted closer to the foot of the alpine hill. They are especially good among natural scatterings of boulders. When creating such compositions in the style of corners of untouched wild nature, you can plant spring-flowering phlox, bergenia, bells, cornflower and other garden plants.
When planting, you need to take into account that in the middle of summer, swimsuits lose their decorative effect. Therefore, it is recommended to plant them next to ground cover plants- heuchera, sedums, sedum, so that later, after cutting off the flower stalks, leave the bathing suits under a tent of leaves and shoots of ground cover.
Watering. Most types of swimsuits need moisture in the spring. In the hot season of May-June, watering is required. Altai bathhouse and Djungarian bathhouse are drought-resistant plants; they do not need watering.
Wintering. Frost-resistant plant, winters without problems, does not require shelter.
Soil. Swimworts can grow in almost any soil; loose, acid-neutral, sufficiently moist soils are best suited. On sandy soils, it is useful to add leaf humus, sphagnum moss, and peat; these materials can retain water in the soil longer. But wet, swampy places are not suitable for trollius. In such places it is better to grow their relative, marigold. It is not recommended to loosen the soil often; the swimsuit has many superficial roots.
Diseases and pests. Swimsuits are practically not damaged by diseases and pests.
Reproduction. Propagated by seeds, division of rhizomes. As a rule, the propagation of wild flowers is the responsibility of the flowers themselves. Swimsuits are no exception; in suitable conditions they grow, taking up more and more space.
Seeds are sown immediately after collection or before winter in the ground. If you plan to sow in spring, the seeds are stored in the cold for 3-4 months at a temperature of 3-4 degrees Celsius. Seedlings appear in spring, in mid-May. At this time, it is important that there is enough moisture in the soil for the development of young plants. Seedlings dive at a distance of 8-10 cm from each other. Plants can be planted in a permanent place in early autumn, but it is better in spring next year. The first flowering usually occurs in the second year.
It is much easier to propagate vegetatively. The overgrown clump is divided into parts with roots and rosette shoots. This is best done in August or early September, when next year's shoots are formed in the buds and there is time before winter for rooting. The leaves are cut off, the growth of new leaves begins two weeks after planting.
Bathwort is a plant of the Ranunculaceae family, which is a perennial shrub. It reaches a height of 50-100 cm depending on the species. 1-2 flowers grow on straight, less often branching stems large size shaped like a ball. The name of the swimsuit in Latin is Tróllius, comes from the German word “Trollblumen”, which means “troll flower”, so another name for the flower is “trollius”.
The plant has a powerful root system, dark green decorative leaves, the shape of which is finger-dissected. The flower petals have a glossy finish and are golden yellow and orange in color.
Did you know?The flowering of the swimsuit occurs in late May - early June, and its duration is up to one month (all types of plants are honey plants).
There are about 30 types of swimsuits, two of which grow in North America. Eurasia is the continent where the swimsuit most often grows. In Russia and the CIS countries you can find about 20 different types of trollius.Asian swimmer (Trollius asiaticus)
This type of swimsuit most often grows in damp meadows or clearings of Siberia, Altai, and also in Mongolia. The Asian swimmer is also found in the tundra near glaciers. In this area, the height of the Asian swimsuit is small - about 10 cm. In the middle zone, the height of the plant can reach one meter.
The flowers of the swimsuit are orange, the diameter is 6 cm, the shape is spherical. The petals are open, their shape is narrow, widening towards the top. The flowers look like double ones, which is a consequence of the large number of nectary petals. The flowering period of the Asian swimsuit begins in late spring and lasts for 3 weeks. After this, the seeds ripen in the multileaf fruits. One leaflet contains from 26 to 50 fruits, which contain up to 10 seeds. They ripen by early July.
The Asian swimmer is very beautiful, so its terry hybrid varieties can often be seen in gardens and flower beds.
Important!The swimsuit is listed in the Red Book as an endangered plant species.
Altai swimsuit (Trollius altaicus)
The habitats of the Altai swimsuit are alpine and subalpine meadows, as well as the upper border of the forests of Western Siberia, Mongolia, the Altai Mountains, and Northern China. The height of the plant reaches 80 cm.
The flowers of this species are bright orange or light yellow, double and large. The middle of the flower is formed by a large number of pistils and stamens of a dark purple color. Flowering time is May-June. The leaves of the Altai swimsuit are palmately divided, the height of the basal rosette made up of them reaches 30 cm.
Important! It is known that a plant such as the swimsuit is poisonous, since its juice irritates the mucous membranes.
Trollius altissimus
This type of swimsuit belongs to the giants among other representatives of the plant, since the height of the bush varies from 130 to 150 cm. The tallest swimsuit is common in the Carpathians, and her favorite place is meadows with tall grasses.
Large flowers reach a diameter of about 5-6 cm, their inflorescence is branched. Color - greenish-yellow with a milky tint. The leaves are collected in a large rosette, the height of which is 50-60 cm. The flowering time of the highest swimsuit is late May-early June.
Djungarian swimsuit (Trollius dschungaricus)
This type of swimsuit belongs to the dwarf species, growing on rocky soil, it reaches a height of 15 cm, but soil with a high humus content allows the Djungar swimsuit to grow up to 50 cm.
The plant is common in meadows near coniferous and deciduous forests, as well as in the mountains of Dzungaria, Pamir-Altai, Tien Shan.
The bright yellow flowers of the Djungarian swimsuit reach a diameter of 5 cm, their shape is almost flat, the petals are wide open. The leaves are located close to the roots, collected in a rosette. Flowering occurs in summer: it begins in mid-June and lasts about a month.
European swimsuit (Trollius europaeus)
European swimmer grows in sparse small-leaved or mixed forests in damp meadows and forest edges; its natural zone is steppe Europe, Western Siberia, and Scandinavia. This swimsuit also loves mixed-grass meadows.
Flowering time begins in the second half of May and lasts until mid-June. The flowers of the European swimsuit are pale yellow or yellow, the shape is spherical, and their diameter is 5 cm. The petals are closed, their length is less than the stamens. The height of the plant, depending on the place of growth and the amount of light, varies from 30 to 70-80 cm. The basal leaves of the European swimsuit are palmately separate, collected in a rosette, have a decorative appearance: their description is as follows: patterned, and the shape of the individual parts is sharp-toothed . The seeds of the plant ripen in July, the fruit is multi-leafed.
Did you know? Not all types of swimsuit can grow in the garden, and in total about 19 species of plants are used in floriculture.
Dwarf swimsuit (Trollius pumilus)
The dwarf swimsuit is a low-growing plant. The height of the palmately dissected leaves, collected in basal rosettes, is only 15 cm. Peduncles reach a height of 30 cm, they grow from the middle of the rosette. The flowers are bright, yellow-golden, sometimes with a red tint, flat, cup-shaped. The petals are wide open.
Habitats of the dwarf swimmer - Nepal, Himalayas, China, Burma, Bhutan. Flowering occurs in late spring and early summer, but if the summer is not hot, the plant may bloom again.
This type of swimsuit looks very beautiful on alpine slides, near ponds, and due to its size, also in containers.
Chinese swimsuit (Trollius chinensis)
In nature you can find this type of swimsuit on Far East, Northern China, Korea and Japan. Chinese swimmer grows in meadows with high humidity.
The plant is tall, it reaches about 80-100 cm. The stems are straight, branch weakly, the leaves are pointed, palmately divided. The flowers are spherical in shape and golden-orange in color, very beautiful, their diameter is 5-6 cm. The petals are open, large, narrow and long nectaries up to 2.5 cm long, directed upwards.
Large-petaled swimsuit (Trollius macropetalus)
This type of swimsuit most often grows in the Primorsky Territory, in its southern regions. Favorite places are damp meadows, clearings, forest edges.
The description of the flowers of the large-petaled swimsuit is as follows: they are large, orange in color, their long nectaries are directed upward. The petals are wide open. Flowering time is the first half of June. The leaves are palmately dissected.
Ledebour's swimsuit (Trollius ledebourii)
Natural area of the Ledebourg bathing area - Eastern Siberia and the Far East. This type of swimsuit is distinguished by tall, up to half a meter, bushes growing among other shrubs and grasses in meadows and clearings. The plant loves dampness and plenty of moisture.
Flowering occurs in late June to mid-July. The flowers are orange, their diameter is about 8 cm. The petals are open, wide, round in shape, nectaries grow upward. The stems are straight and practically do not branch. The leaves are palmately divided.
Did you know? The bathing suit is used for medicinal purposes; various ointments and decoctions are made from it.
Lilac swimsuit (Trollius lilacinus)
The purple swimsuit grows in the highlands of the Tien Shan and Altai. This plant is one of the first to bloom near snowfields that begin to melt, in mossy meadows, and loves an abundance of moisture.