House by the road problematic images of heroes. Understanding the theme of the Second World War in A.T.’s poem

Oct 26 2010

A.T. Tvardovsky began writing the poem “House by the Road” in 1942, returned to it again and finished it in 1946. This is a poem about the fate of a peasant family, a small, modest part of the people, upon which all the misfortunes and sorrows befell. Having fought off his own, Andrei Sivtsov found himself behind enemy lines, near his own house, feeling tired from the hardships he had endured. All the more expensive is his decision to continue the path to the front, “to recognize the route not written by anyone in the stars.” Making this decision, Sivtsov feels “indebted” to his comrade who died on the way: And since he walked, but didn’t get there, So I have to get there. ... It would be good if he were alive, Otherwise he is a fallen warrior. Sivtsov’s misadventures were not at all uncommon at that time. The fate of his loved ones turned out to be the same common for many, many families 157: Anna and her children were taken to Germany, to a foreign land. And there is yet another “trouble on top of troubles” ahead: in captivity, in a convict camp, the Sivtsovs had a son, seemingly doomed to inevitable death.

Anna's mental conversation with her son belongs to the most heartfelt pages ever written by Tvardovsky. The maternal need to talk with someone who is still “mute and stupid”, the doubt about the ability to protect the child, and the passionate desire to survive for the sake of her son are conveyed here with deep sensitivity. And although this new human being is so destitute, her light is still so weak, there is so little hope of meeting her father, life emerges victorious from an unequal duel with death threatening it.

Returning home, Andrei Sivtsov knows nothing about the fate of his family. Finally, she presented another bitter paradox - it is not the wife and children who are waiting for the soldier to come home, but he is waiting for them. Tvardovsky is stingy with direct praise for the hero, once describing him as the type of “ascetic fighter who, year after year in a row, fulfilled to the end.” He does not embellish it at all, even in the most dramatic situations, for example, when leaving the encirclement: “thin, overgrown, as if covered with ash,” wiping his mustache with the “fringe of the sleeve” of his overcoat, frayed in his wanderings.

In the essay “In Native Places” (1946), telling how his fellow villager, like Andrei Sivtsov, built a house on the ashes, Tvardovsky wrote: “It seemed more and more natural to me to define the construction of this simple log cabin as a kind of . The feat of a simple worker, farmer and family man, who shed blood in the war for his native land and now on it, ruined and despondent during the years of his absence, beginning to start life again ... "

The poem allows the readers themselves to draw a similar conclusion, limiting themselves to a laconic description of the quiet feat of Andrei Sivtsov: I stayed for a day or two. - Well, thank you for that. - 158 literature And with a sore leg he dragged himself to the old seliba. I took a smoke break, took off my overcoat, and marked it out with a shovel. If you wait for your wife and children to come home, then you need to build a hut.

It is unknown whether the house built by the hero will wait for its owner, whether it will be filled with children's voices. The fate of the Sivtsovs is the fate of millions, and the ending of these dramatic stories is not the same. In one of his articles, Tvardovsky noted that many of the best works of Russian prose, “having arisen from living life... in their endings, they strive, as it were, to close in on the same reality, leaving the reader wide scope for mental continuation of them, for thinking out, “further research” touched upon in them human destinies, ideas and questions."

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Poetry of the post-war and war periods sounds completely different from peacetime works. Her voice is piercing, it penetrates into the very heart. This is how Tvardovsky wrote “House by the Road”. Summary of this work is presented below. The poet created his poem not only to express the pain of the destinies of his contemporaries destroyed by the war, but also to warn his successors against a terrible tragedy - war.

About the poet

Vasily Trifonovich Tvardovsky was born in 1910 in Smolensk province Russian Empire. His parents were educated people, my father read classics of Russian and world literature to his children from early childhood.

When Vasily was twenty years old, the period of repression was in full swing. His father and mother fell into the millstones of the revolution and were exiled to the north of the country. These events did not break the poet, but they put him at a crossroads and made him think about whether the raging revolution was really necessary and just. Sixteen years later, his peculiar utopia was published, after which the poet’s works began to be published. Alexander Trifonovich survived the war, his “Vasily Terkin” is about this. Tvardovsky liked to retell the summary of the war and “House by the Road” even before the poem was published.

The history of the poem

The idea and main strokes of the poem were born in 1942. It is not known exactly why Tvardovsky did not finish his “House by the Road” right away. The story of the creation of the poem is most likely similar to the stories of other post-war and war works. There is no time for poetry on the battlefield, but if its idea and creator survive, then the lines carried through a hail of bullets and explosions will certainly be born in days of peace. The poet will return to the work four years later and complete it in 1946. Later, in his conversations with his wife, he would often remember how he thought about a dilapidated house by the road that he once saw - how he imagined who lived in it, and where the war had scattered its owners. These thoughts seemed to take shape themselves into the lines of a poem, but there was not only no time to write it, but there was nothing on which to write it. I had to keep in my thoughts, as in a draft, the most successful quatrains of the future poem, and cross out the not entirely successful words. This is how Tvardovsky created his “House by the Road”. See the analysis of the poem below. But it should be said right away that it does not leave anyone indifferent.

"House by the Road": summary. Tvardovsky about the war. The first and third chapters of the poem

The poem begins with the poet addressing the soldier. It was about him, about a simple soldier, that Alexander Tvardovsky wrote “House by the Road.” He compares the warrior’s protracted return to his wife with his completion of the poem that was waiting for him “in that notebook.” The poet talks about seeing an empty, dilapidated soldier’s house. His wife and children were forced to leave, and after the end of the fighting she returned home with the children. The author calls their poor procession “the soldier’s house.”

The next chapter tells about the last peaceful day of the soldier, when he mowed the grass in the garden, enjoying the warmth and summer, anticipating a delicious dinner in a close circle at the family table, and so with a scythe they found him with news of the war. The words “the owner did not mow down the meadow” sound like a bitter reproach to the war that cut short the owner’s affairs. The wife mowed the orphaned meadow, secretly crying for her beloved husband.

The third chapter of the poem “House by the Road” is ambiguous; Tvardovsky himself conveyed a summary of it with difficulty. She describes the hardships of war - soldiers in battle and women in unfeminine labor, hungry children and abandoned hearths. Long journeys, along which a mother soldier with three children is forced to walk. He describes his wife’s loyalty and love, which in peacetime was manifested by cleanliness and order in the house, and in wartime by faith and hope that the beloved will return.

The fourth chapter begins with a story about how four soldiers came to a house near the road and said that they would put a cannon in the garden. But the woman and the children need to leave here, because staying is reckless and dangerous. Before leaving, the soldier asks the guys if they have heard about Andrei Sivtsov, her husband, and feeds them a hearty hot lunch.

Chapter five describes the eerie picture of captured soldiers walking. Women look into their faces, afraid to see their relatives.

Chapters six to nine of the poem

At the end of the war, "House by the Road" was published. Tvardovsky retold the summary more than once to his loved ones, describing his experiences during the war.

Chapter six shows Anyuta and Andrey. The roads of war brought him home, just for one night. His wife sends him on the road again, and she and the children leave their home and walk through the dust of the roads to protect the kids.

Chapter seven tells about the birth of the fourth child - a son, whom the mother names Andrei in honor of his father. Mother and children are in captivity, on a farm besieged by the Germans.

A soldier returns from the war and sees only the ruins of his home near the road. Having grieved, he does not give up, but begins to build a new house and wait for his wife. When the work is finished, grief overcomes him. And he goes to mow the grass, the one he never had time to finish before he left.

Analysis of the work

Tvardovsky's poem "House by the Road" talks about broken families scattered across the earth. The pain of war sounds in every line. Wives without husbands, children without fathers, yards and houses without an owner - these images run like a red thread through the lines of the poem. After all, in the very heat of the war, Tvardovsky created his “House by the Road”. Many critics have analyzed the work, but they are all sure that the work is about the destinies of people tragically broken by the war.

But not only the theme of separation in its not entirely familiar recreation (it is not the soldier’s wife at home who is waiting for her, but he, grieving and rebuilding the house, as if restoring his former one, peaceful life) sounds in the poem. A serious role is played by the mother’s appeal to her newborn child, her son Andrei. The mother, in tears, asks why he was born in such a turbulent, difficult time, and how he will survive in the cold and hunger. And she herself, looking at the baby’s carefree sleep, gives the answer: the child was born to live, he does not know what war is, that his destroyed home is far from here. This is the optimism of the poem, a bright look into the future. Children must be born, burned houses must be restored, broken families must be reunited.
Everyone must return to their house by the road - this is what Tvardovsky wrote. Analysis and a summary of the poem will not convey its fullness and feelings. To understand the work, you must read it yourself. The feelings after this will be remembered for a long time and will make us appreciate peacetime and loved ones nearby.

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A.T. Tvardovsky began writing the poem “House by the Road” in 1942, returned to it again and finished it in 1946.

This is a poem about the fate of a peasant family, a small, modest part of the people, upon which all the misfortunes and sorrows of the war fell.

Having fought off his own, Andrei Sivtsov found himself behind enemy lines, near his own house, feeling tired from the hardships he had endured.

All the more expensive is his decision to continue the path to the front, “to recognize the route not written by anyone in the stars.” Making this decision, Sivtsov feels “indebted” to his comrade who died on the way:

And once he walked, but didn’t get there,

So I have to get there....

If only he were alive,

Otherwise he is a fallen warrior.

Sivtsov’s misadventures were not at all uncommon at that time. The fate of his loved ones turned out to be the same common for many, many families: Anna and her children were taken to Germany, to a foreign land.

And there is yet another “trouble on top of troubles” ahead: in captivity, in a convict camp, the Sivtsovs had a son, seemingly doomed to inevitable death.

And although this new one is so destitute human life, so weak is her light, so little hope of meeting her father - life emerges victorious from an unequal duel with death threatening her.

Returning home, Andrei Sivtsov knows nothing about the fate of his family. The war finally presented another bitter paradox - it is not the soldier’s wife and children who are waiting for home, but he is waiting for them.

Tvardovsky is stingy with direct praise of the hero, once describing him as the type of “ascetic fighter who, year after year in a row, carried out the war to the end.” He does not embellish it at all, even in the most dramatic situations, for example, when leaving the encirclement: “thin, overgrown, as if covered with ash,” wiping his mustache with the “fringe of the sleeve” of his overcoat, frayed in his wanderings.

In the essay “In Native Places” (1946), telling how his fellow villager, like Andrei Sivtsov, built a house on the ashes, Tvardovsky wrote: “It seemed more and more natural to me to define the construction of this simple log cabin as some kind of feat. The feat of a simple worker, farmer and family man, who shed blood in the war for his native land and now on it, ruined and despondent during the years of his absence, beginning to start life all over again...”

Stayed for a day or two. -

Well, thanks for that.-

And pulled with a sore leg

To the old village.

I took a smoke break, took off my overcoat,

Marked the plan with a shovel.

If I wait for my wife and children to go home,

This is how you need to build a house.

In one of his articles, Tvardovsky noted that many of the best works of Russian prose, “having arisen from living life... in their endings, they strive, as it were, to close in on the same reality, leaving the reader wide scope for mental continuation of them, for further thinking, “further research” human destinies, ideas and issues touched upon in them.”

Tvardovsky’s deep democracy, so clearly manifested in “Vasily Terkin,” also distinguishes the concept of his poem “House by the Road” (1942-1946). It is dedicated to the fate of a simple peasant family that experienced all the hardships of the war. The subtitle of the poem - “lyrical chronicle” - exactly corresponds to its content and character. The chronicle genre in its traditional sense is a presentation historical events in their time sequence. For the poet, the fate of the Sivtsov family, with its tragedy and typicality for those years, not only meets these genre requirements, but also evokes complicity, deep empathy, reaching enormous emotional intensity and prompting the author to constantly intervene in the narrative.

A fate similar to that of Andrei Sivtsov was already outlined in “Vasily Terkin”, in the chapters “Before the Battle” and “About the Orphan Soldier”. Now it is depicted in more detail and even more dramatized.

The picture of the last peaceful Sunday that opens the poem is filled with that “traditional beauty” of rural labor (mowing “for a festive task”), which Tvardovsky poetized since the time of “The Country of Ant”. This dear and bitter memory of the familiar and beloved peasant life, of “housing, comfort, order,” interrupted (and for many, cut off forever) by the war, will subsequently constantly be resurrected in the poem along with the age-old saying:

Mow, scythe,
While there is dew,
Down with the dew -
And we're home.

During the difficult time of retreat, Sivtsov secretly goes home for a short time - “thin, overgrown, as if covered all over with ash” (the “fringe of the sleeve” of a frayed overcoat is briefly mentioned), but stubbornly plotting a “route not written by anyone” in pursuit of the front.

His wife's story is even more dramatic. Always worshiped the image of a woman-mother, capturing it in many poems different years(“Song”, “Mothers”, “Mother and Son”, etc.) Tvardovsky this time created a particularly multifaceted character. Anna Sivtsova is not just charming (“Sharp in speech, quick in deeds, Like a snake, she walked all over”), but full of the greatest dedication and mental strength, allowing her to endure the most terrible trials, for example, being sent to a foreign land, to Germany:

And at least barefoot in the snow,
Have time to dress three.

With a trembling hand, catch
Hooks, ties, mother.

Strive for a simple lie
Allay childish fear.

And put all yours on the road,
Grab it like out of fire.

Anna's maternal tragedy and at the same time heroism reach their peak when her son is born in a convict barracks, seemingly doomed to death. Wonderfully using the poetics of folk lamentations and cries (“Why did the twig turn green at such an unkind time? Why did you happen, son, my dear child?”), Tvardovsky conveys an imaginary, fantastic conversation between a mother and her child, the transition from despair to hope:

I am small, I am weak, I am the freshness of the day
I can smell it on your skin.
Let the wind blow on me -
And I will untie my hands,

But you won't let him blow,
You won't let me, my dear,
While your chest sighs,
While she's still alive.

The heroes of “Road House” also find themselves face to face with death, hopelessness, and despair, as was the case with Terkin in the chapter “Death and the Warrior,” and they also emerge victorious from this confrontation. In the essay “In Native Places,” talking about his fellow villager, who, like Andrei Sivtsov, was building a house on the ashes, Tvardovsky expressed his attitude to this with journalistic directness: “It seemed more and more natural to me to define the construction of this simple log cabin as some kind of feat . The feat of a simple worker, farmer and family man, who shed blood in the war for his native land and now on it, ruined and despondent during the years of his absence, beginning to start life all over again...” In the poem, the author provided the opportunity for the readers themselves to draw a similar conclusion, limiting themselves to the most a laconic description of this quiet feat of Andrei Sivtsov:

...pulled with a sore leg
To the old village.

I took a smoke break, out of my overcoat,
Marked the plan with a shovel.

If I wait for my wife and children to go home,
This is how you need to build a house.

She pulled somehow
Along the highway track -
With the smaller one, asleep in my arms,
And the whole family crowd.

The reader wants to see Anna in her, but the artist’s tact warned Tvardovsky against a happy ending. In one of his articles, the poet noted that many of the best works of Russian prose, “having arisen from living life... in their endings, they strive, as it were, to close with the same reality from which they came and dissolve in it, leaving the reader wide scope for the mental continuation of their , for further thinking, “further research” of the human destinies, ideas and issues raised in them.” And in his own poem, Tvardovsky allowed readers to vividly imagine the tragic end that similar stories had in the lives of many people.

The work "Road House" describes the terrible life situations that people face every day. The story is about the life and fate of a family who lives in a cozy and good home. In addition to the husband and wife, the family had three children. The meadow, in which, in one person, the husband and father of the family mows the grass, is also very important for the poem. Because at this place the man learns about the outbreak of war, and leaves to serve in the army without mowing the meadow. The wife had to leave work for later, and in addition to this, take on all the burdens of village labor on her back.

All losses and sorrows are very openly shown by the author. The author also conveys the love of a woman for her man, which even war cannot break. Between battles, the wife meets her husband in her home, but the next day her beloved and loving people must say goodbye. The husband went to war again, and the wife left home to save herself and the children. Due to the fact that the arriving soldiers are preparing defensive structures and placing a cannon next to the house. They asked the woman to leave the house, as danger awaited her there. Soon she gave birth to a fourth child, and named him Andrei in honor of her beloved husband.

But in the future, the woman, along with her children, was captured, from which she was not destined to escape.

And after the end of the war, the man returned to his homeland and saw a house that had been razed to the ground. He hoped for a meeting with his beloved wife and a future joyful, happy life, which is why he gathered all his courage, dignity, and strength into a fist. And he began to live with firm faith in his heart, mowed the meadow and began to build a house in the same place to which his wife and children must return. But time flies, and it is merciless, the work is over, and the man realized that everything he lived for and fought for has disappeared. New home has already been completed, but loved ones and relatives are not around. Neither is that one happy life, in which he believed and hoped so much, the joy of children and his beloved woman is not nearby. There is no one.

The whole poem is about the tragically broken destinies of people. This work teaches people to live, to love life, to remember every moment of it, to love and be loved, because this life may not exist at any moment due to all sorts of hardships and losses.