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Federal Law on educational activities in the Russian Federation. Law of the Russian Federation on education in the Russian Federation: description of changes

Federal law Russian Federation dated December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation” defines all the features of education in our country. These standards are aimed at meeting people’s needs for quality and correct education, as well as improving the education sector taking into account the needs of modern times.

In principle, the law is aimed at improving education, at creating more stringent rules for developing educational structures and programs, and at improving the professional qualities of teachers.

The legislator determines that school education, in accordance with constitutional norms, remains free and is provided to everyone at their place of residence. That is, you can send your child to study at a school near your home. Certain standards are also prescribed for those schoolchildren who live in a particular city on the basis of temporary registration;
There is a clear age for admission to school. In principle, this age is based on numerous studies by specialists who are confident that the child’s perception of educational information is associated with this aspect. Standards are also established that determine the importance and significance of preschool and additional education. Thus, the legislator places emphasis on the comprehensive development of the child. At school he receives certain knowledge and skills of a standard plan. Additional educational institutions allow you to develop your child’s professional and creative inclinations. And preschool education allows you to properly prepare a child for school;
Among other things, the legislator determined the need to monitor the performance of universities. Thus, every year, a specialized process is carried out to assess the quality and effectiveness of education. Moreover, not only public, but private institutions are subject to inspection;
The legislator established certain changes regarding the results of the unified state exam. Now these results will be valid for five years. Thus, during this time a person will be able to choose a professional direction for further education.

Features and prospects of the law on education

The entire structure of this law is based on the need to improve the quality of training and education. It all starts with preschool education, to which the legislator has paid a very significant amount of attention. He determined that all parents who have a desire to engage in family education can receive the necessary consultations free of charge from special government agencies. School education is an important stage in a person’s life. And the legislator was extremely attentive to the development of all elements of this education in order to form a structure worthy of developing all the intellectual and individual abilities and characteristics of the child.

Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation” defines all the features of the formation of preschool standards...

The government of our country strives to improve the education sector as much as possible. It is for this reason, new law on education included many new regulations...

Education is one of the most important areas government regulation. And one of the most problematic. The Federal Law “On Education” 273-FZ dated December 29, 2012, adopted in 2012, is intended to streamline and regulate educational processes in the Russian Federation. Federal law provided every person with maximum opportunities to receive preschool and compulsory education. general education. He introduced new tools for professional development teachers and the opportunity to choose quality educational services for students.

Let us tell you in more detail what guarantees are introduced for students and teachers by this law. Full text The document can be downloaded at the end of the article.

History of 273-FZ

The Law “On Education” in the Russian Federation 273-FZ, which came into force on September 1, 2013, replaced two laws in force at that time: “On Education” dated July 10, 1992 No. 3266-1 and “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education " dated August 22, 1996 No. 125-FZ. At the time of adoption, it contained many short stories. It has been developed since 2009 - during this period, comprehensive inspections and monitoring of the activities of educational institutions were carried out to identify problems and places not taken into account by laws.

The Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” has been actively criticized since its adoption. It is not perfect - since its publication, more than 45 amendments have been made to it, and new ones are proposed and appear annually. Main reason adjustments – discrepancy between the provisions of the law and real processes in Russian education: that is, the law simply does not have time to adapt to the actual state of affairs and solve emerging problems.

The basis for the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” dated December 29, 2012 273-FZ (as amended for 2018-2019) was the state guarantee of public and free education provided on the basis of Federal State Educational Standards (federal educational standards). This rule applies to preschool, primary, primary, secondary general and secondary vocational education by virtue of Art. 5 No. 273-FZ. Higher education is also free, but under one condition - it is provided on a competitive basis to those who receive it for the first time.

The authorities of the constituent entities have the authority to ensure compliance with the norm through the provision of subventions to municipal budgets. This is how the salaries of teachers, the purchase of textbooks, teaching materials, etc. are financed. in accordance with the regulations (clause 3, part 1, article 8 No. 273-FZ).

Paid services cannot replace training that is financed from the budget. Otherwise, the educational organization must return all funds spent.

The new law “On Education” consolidated such phenomena as distance, electronic, network and family learning.

Preschool education has become the first level in the education system. It should be available to the population without queues and in several forms (in kindergartens, groups at schools) and must ensure the preparation of children for school. Refusal to admit a child to school is permissible only when there are no free places.

The innovation of this law is that it regulates the learning processes and affects the specifics in relation to certain categories of persons:

with outstanding abilities;
with disabilities;
foreigners and stateless persons;
convicts.

Many provisions of Federal Law No. 273 “On Education in the Russian Federation” (as amended for 2019) are devoted to teachers, their rights, duties, responsibilities, and special status. They are guaranteed the right:

for advanced training,
on professional retraining and additional vocational education (1 time every 3 years),
to undergo certification with assignment of a qualification category,
for certain social support measures;
for the provision of extended basic leave, as well as long-term (for 10 years
continuous service), for early retirement.

The levels of general education are named:

preschool;
initial general;
basic general;
average overall.
And professional:
average;
higher education: bachelor's, specialist's, master's degrees;
training of highly qualified personnel (this is a new level higher education for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency, assistantships).

Training of scientific personnel (doctoral studies) is excluded from educational programs and transferred to scientific activity.

It is noted that the current Federal Law promotes the integration of domestic and European education. For this purpose, Chapter VI has been introduced. It is aimed at:

creating favorable conditions for the mobility of students and teachers;
joint programs;
simplification of recognition of documents on foreign education.

It has been established that the results of the Unified State Examination are valid for 5 years. The GIA (final state certification) has become mandatory for those who have completed 9 grades.

Criticism of the law often focused on the fact that the opportunities for beneficiaries to enter a university have been reduced. Thus, a 10% quota has been established for disabled people. And other groups (orphans, from single-parent families, with a disabled parent of group I, etc.) receive only the right to study for free in preparatory groups Universities.

The individual needs of students are taken into account: they have the right to an individual schedule and choice of subjects. Inclusive education is provided for persons with disabilities (that is, they study in a regular educational institution, and not in a specialized one).

Changes in recent years

Among the achievements of the law are:

creation of “electronic” schools with online lessons and remote assignments;
abolition of the 2nd and 3rd school shifts in schools;
reducing reporting for teachers and making it interactive.

The latest edition of the Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, current in 2019, provides for such important changes as:

with regard to admission to study (bachelor's, specialty) at the expense of the budget within the quotas of disabled children, disabled people of groups I and II, childhood, due to military injury or illness, the special condition on contraindication of medical examination is excluded.
concerning the payment of social scholarships. Part 5 of Article 63 provides that they are assigned for 1 year to orphans, students without parental care, disabled people, Chernobyl victims, military veterans, “contract soldiers”, and other persons who have received government assistance. This right must be proven by submitting a supporting document.

Changes in 2018 and latest news

Large-scale adjustments took place in February current year, they touched upon the provisions on independent assessment of the quality of the conditions for implementation educational activities.

In March, the act was changed again. The updated Law “On Education” of the Russian Federation (latest edition of 2019) came into force on March 7 with the signing of No. 56-FZ. Chapter 12 was supplemented with Article 98.1. The norm concerns the provision of posting data on social support measures and guarantees for students, teachers, and heads of educational institutions. It provides that such information is placed in the Unified State Social Security Information System (USISS) on the basis of No. 178-FZ “On State Social Assistance”.

Law on education in the Russian Federation - 273 Federal Law, adopted State Duma On December 21, 2012, it completely regulates the education sector in our country. For managers, this document is a reference book, a kind of Bible, which they are obliged to know and strictly observe all provisions. It is advisable that both parents and students of various educational institutions also become familiar with the basic provisions of the Law.

Unfortunately, within the framework of one article it is impossible to analyze in detail the entire Law, each of its points. We will analyze the key, most important provisions that can help many consumers of educational services, since the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” is applied in kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, etc.

Basic Concepts

Education is a single, purposeful process of upbringing and training an individual, a set of acquired knowledge, skills, experience, moral values, and attitudes. The goal is the formation of a comprehensively developed citizen with high intellectual, physical, cultural, spiritual and moral development.

It is a mistake to believe that education is only about obtaining information. Here we are using the terms incorrectly.

Training is the purposeful acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities.

Education is a process aimed at the spiritual and moral development of the individual, as a result of which the development of generally accepted rules and normal.

Education includes training (acquisition of knowledge and skills), upbringing (mastering generally accepted norms), and physical development.

education requirement

A teaching worker is a person who carries out the educational process. He has an employment relationship with an educational organization and performs certain job responsibilities getting paid for it wages. Before the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted, there were no restrictions at the legislative level for hiring a teacher in a school or a teacher in a kindergarten. At school, it was quite normal to see as a teacher a person who himself had difficulty finishing school at one time. In the absence of professional personnel and low pay for teachers, few went to pedagogical universities. The problem is aggravated by the very low percentage of graduates who decide to connect their lives with educational institutions.

Today the situation is different: the law “On Education in the Russian Federation” establishes a ban on engaging in teaching activities for persons who do not have the appropriate qualifications. In Art. 46 of the Law directly establishes that a person who has graduated from a higher educational institution has the right to be an education worker. Education alone is not enough. It will also be necessary to undergo an additional specialization in “Pedagogy” if the applicant’s university or college is not pedagogical.

Education document

The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” provides for the issuance of supporting documents (certificate, diploma) for completing the following levels of education:

Basic general.
Average overall.
Initial professional.
A professional environment.
Higher education - bachelor's degree.
Higher education is a specialty.
Higher education - master's degree.

Education system

The Law “On Education of the Russian Federation” (latest edition) contains a hierarchy of main components in a unified education system:

and the instructions are regulatory documents, according to which schools, institutes, colleges, etc. are required to carry out educational activities. The status of the educational organization does not matter: commercial, budgetary, government - if it has a license to issue the relevant documents, then it is obliged to provide training based on standards.
Direct implementation of training: educational organizations, teaching staff, students, legal representatives.
Federal government bodies, authorities of subjects exercising control. The main role belongs to the Federal public service for supervision in the field of education (Rosobrnadzor). In the regions, this function is performed by the regional ministries of education. They monitor the implementation of state standards in educational institutions.
Organizations providing educational activities. In districts, district education committees are responsible for financing budgetary schools. They also conduct assessment activities in the controlled areas of all schools.
Associations of natural or legal entities carrying out educational activities. A striking example serves as a trade union of teaching workers.

Goals of federal state standards

The Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” assigns a key place to federal state standards. They perform the following tasks:

Unity of education. It follows that throughout the country, students receive an identical level of education, which means equality of opportunity.
Continuity. Despite the dynamic development and reform of the education system, the introduction of new standards and requirements, the key task is to maintain continuity. You cannot completely destroy the entire system every year for the sake of short-term political or economic gain.
Variability. Despite the unity of education as a whole, the law on education in the Russian Federation excludes the strict totalitarian framework of unity when receiving it. Depending on abilities, desires, time are created various options achieving certain goals.
Guarantee. It follows that the state controls the unity of education throughout the country.

You can study at home! Forms of training

This is difficult to imagine for a Soviet person, but the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” provides for training not only in educational institutions. Article 17 lists the acceptable forms of training:

In the traditional form - in specialized educational institutions.
In an alternative form - outside specialized educational institutions.

The traditional form is divided into:

In person.
Correspondence.
Full-time and part-time.

Distance learning is gaining popularity these days. In the age of information technology, visiting museums, theaters, and rare exhibitions on the other side of the planet without leaving home has become a reality. Information and communication technologies have also penetrated into education.

The Law “On Education of the Russian Federation” is a new law. However, he does not single out distance education as separate category. The student is at home, prepares according to an individual schedule, listens to lectures remotely, using communication channels. Therefore, distance education falls under the category of correspondence education.

Alternative form

It is not necessary to send a child to school today to receive it. The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” allows for this possibility. In addition, the state allocates money for alternative forms of education for each child.

Species

Obtaining a certificate outside of school is divided into two types:

Family education.
Self-education.

Family education involves shifting the function of education to the family. It is for this form that the state pays compensation. Of course, schools react very painfully to this. This is understandable: no one wants to be left without a salary. Judicial practice shows that the courts are completely on the side of the parents. The average compensation for a middle and senior student is about 10 thousand rubles.

The problem of involving child labor as cleaners

School duty is a tradition that we inherited from the Soviet past. Many parents still don’t see a problem with their children cleaning floors while on duty at school. However, Article 34 of the Law directly provides for parental consent to such involvement of a child in labor. Technology and labor training classes are mandatory. It is on them that students legally, in accordance with federal government programs, are required to engage in labor: sewing, cooking, woodworking. Everything else is only at the request of the parents.

Results

So, the main law that regulates the field of education is the Federal Law “On Education of the Russian Federation”. Its articles contain a description of the organization of the educational process, the competencies of local authorities, forms and types of education, rules for final certifications, etc. We discussed the most interesting aspects of this Law in the article.

The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation,” the last edition of which took place in 2016, is intended to create a different approach to the education system.
Now preschool institutions have a different status, schools, lyceums and gymnasiums are equal in importance, an individual approach is practiced.

Starting from September 1, 2013, the new law “On Education in the Russian Federation” came into force, the last edition of which was in 2016.

It is designed to regulate relationships between representatives of two generations.

Law No. 273-FZ replaced two previously existing legislative acts: “On Education”, as well as “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education”.

What is covered in the new law

The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” coordinates all aspects of the education sector.

In various articles you can find information on the following points:

participants in the educational process;
structure of the education system;
the procedure for implementing educational programs;
the rights and obligations of the students themselves, their legal representatives, and teachers;
reasons for starting or ending educational relationships;
characteristics of general and vocational education;
financing procedure.

The latest edition begins with key definitions that will be used throughout the text. Further chapters pay attention to different areas of this area.

Why you should read the new legislation

Consideration of the text of the law “On Education in the Russian Federation” helps to get an idea of the rights and guarantees for students and their legal representatives.

The legislative act shows what requirements educational organizations can make and what they do not have the right to expect.

Understanding the structure educational system, parents will be able to choose for their child the best program training that will suit his needs.

Based on the law in the latest edition, it is possible to determine the extent to which government agencies can be involved in the educational process without violating the rights of students and teachers.

To support the educational process, the legislative act provides for the following opportunities:

special educational programs;
scholarships;
education loans.

The Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” covers almost all areas of the educational process.

However, it only contains general principles regulation. To regulate other situations, additional acts are issued.

Important: the law gives general idea on rights, obligations and guarantees. Separately issued acts specify the implementation procedure.

Main points of the law

In total, the Law “On Education” contains 111 articles, which are combined into 15 chapters.

General provisions. The first chapter provides basic definitions for the terms that will be used later. In addition, it reveals the extent of powers in the field of education that municipal and federal authorities have.
Educational system. It describes in detail how the training program functions and what requirements apply to the implementation of training materials.
Persons providing training. This section includes three chapters (3-5). All participants in the educational process, varieties are described educational organizations, ways to stimulate students.
Grounds for starting and ending educational relationships. The articles in this section describe the requirements for the educational agreement, final and intermediate certification.
Types of education. The topic runs through chapters 7 to 10. They describe in detail distinctive features general education, additional and vocational. Goes separately vocational training, the purpose of which is to deepen knowledge in the field of an already mastered profession.
Features of the implementation. Chapter 11 is devoted to issues related to the education of people with disabilities and groups, children without Russian citizenship or students with outstanding abilities.
Management Issues. Chapter 12 reveals how the state controls the education sector and the process of compliance with regulations.
Economic component. Chapter 13 describes the details of admission to budget places and the procedure for obtaining education when paying with your own funds.
Cooperation with other states in the field of education. This issue is discussed in Chapter 14.

At the end it is stated how the federal education law comes into force.

Basic principles of legislation

The new law “On Education” is based on the following basic principles.

Within established standards, primary education remains free. Funds are allocated from the budget for school education. Replacement with commercial services is not permitted.
The state undertakes to systematically monitor higher education institutions, including commercial ones.
When the law “On Education in the Russian Federation” comes into force, they will be valid only for five years.
Universities leave a 10 percent quota for students with disabilities.
Free preparatory training is provided for beneficiaries.
Regarding preschool education in the Russian Federation, it is given the status of primary education of the first stage.
Admission of children to first grade is controlled by local government. If a child does not have enough space at school, the authorities undertake to find a suitable alternative.
The legislative act introduces an individual approach to training. The teacher will need to identify what comes easier to the child and help him develop these abilities.
Secondary education is now viewed as preparatory stage before entering university.
In universities, depending on the duration of study and the level of course mastery, students may be awarded bachelor's, specialist, and master's degrees.
Teachers undergo retraining once every three years.
Teachers are provided with extended vacations and the opportunity to retire before the age established by law.

The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” regulates relations between parties in the field of educational relations. The content of the articles corresponds to the Constitution.

Current status of kindergartens

As already noted, in accordance with the latest edition, preschool educational institutions are recognized as part of the educational system.

Payment benefits were maintained. In some cases, parents are completely exempt from paying fees for their child to attend kindergarten.

Overall, expenses increased by no more than 5%.

Important: The new law “On Education in the Russian Federation” clearly states which costs can be included in the fee for attending a preschool educational institution and which cannot.

If preschool employees present too high bills to parents, they will have to justify the increase in cost.

According to the federal law “On Education”, their funding from the budget has not been reduced.

Therefore, the reasons for increasing pay must be quite compelling.

The roles of kindergartens and schools are now clearly delineated:

kindergarten helps the child adapt to a new team, develop a desire to learn something new, and reveal his inclinations;
Primary school is designed to develop basic literacy and numeracy skills.

According to the new law on preschool education In the Russian Federation, final certification is not carried out in kindergartens.

In fact, meeting standards should not be a concern for kids, but for parents and teachers.

Introduction of an individual approach

Based on the new law “On Education in the Russian Federation,” the state is introducing an individual approach.

This means that if a student is unable to attend school regularly, an individualized attendance schedule can be developed.

This schedule is developed for the following categories of students:

moving to another school if the current material in the new class has already been studied in the previous one;
seriously involved in any sport and often absent due to participation in competitions;
studying at a music school and absent during tours;
having health problems that do not allow them to regularly attend school.

The new law provides for the opportunity to create an individual training schedule for students who, due to the above reasons, cannot attend according to the general schedule.

Lyceum or school – eliminating differences

The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” erases the distinction between schools, lyceums and gymnasiums.

Now to everyone educational institutions the name "school" will be used.

The concepts of “lyceum” and “gymnasium” lose their meaning; they will be reflected only in the official name.

The differences consisted of the following characteristics:

lyceums have a certain specialization, so highly qualified teachers work there, there are appropriate laboratories and educational materials;
schools are not authorized to implement special education programs.

Since the entry into force of this legislative act, schools have at their disposal full list educational programs.

According to experts, this point can cause difficulties.

Unlike lyceums and gymnasiums, teachers in regular schools are not trained to provide specialized education.

At the same time, it is difficult to clearly judge the feasibility of such an innovation.

The key task in issuing this law is to qualitatively change the approach to the education process.

Now the teacher is required not only to impart knowledge and help develop basic skills.

We can say that according to the new law, the teacher’s goal is to teach how to acquire knowledge and develop skills independently.

It is impossible to fundamentally change your approach immediately. But it's worth striving for.

Important: The new law supports humanism in education. First of all, attention is paid to human rights and the education of a free, hardworking and versatile personality.

Latest amendments for the 2016-2017 academic year

The latest version of the new law has a number of amendments. Some of them come into force on September 1, 2016, others on January 1, 2017. They are listed below in order:

Receiving a scholarship. Amendment based on Federal Law of July 3, 2016 No. 312-FZ. Only students to whom such payments have been documented will be able to receive a social scholarship. This form must be presented to the educational organization. The scholarship is awarded from the date of receipt of the document for one year. Residents, graduate students with financial difficulties, students, and assistant trainees will be able to count on payments.
Bachelor's and specialist's programs. The changes are fixed by law No. 306-FZ. Based on this regulatory act, from September 1 of the year preceding the year of admission to study in the above-mentioned programs, the Ministry of Education and Science cannot change the list of tests for admission and adjust admission to study.
Government support. In 2017, not only municipal, but also private organizations of additional education can hope for state support.

According to the latest edition, teachers will now be trained to provide emergency care: will master the procedure and acquire the necessary skills.

Amendments regarding the accession of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation

In July 2016, laws No. 307-FZ and No. 308-FZ were adopted, which address issues legal regulation in connection with new subjects of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol.

Until September 1, 2018, licenses for educational activities for organizations located in the Republic of Crimea remain valid.
The procedure for final certification and admission to educational organizations. Crimean applicants will be able to enjoy privileged conditions when entering a university for another 2 years. However, starting from 2017, there will be no quota left for them.

The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” has made many adjustments to the education system.

Now there is no division into ordinary schools and gymnasiums.

A full list of educational programs will be available to all educational institutions.

With the new law in effect, the status of kindergartens and other preschool institutions has changed.

Some changes cause controversy and questions from experts.

But the legislative act as a whole covers all aspects of the education sector.

Federal Law of the Russian Federation On Education in the Russian Federation Approximate educational programs and their

A quality education system is a necessary element in any state. In the Russian Federation, this phenomenon is regulated by Federal Law No. 273-FZ “On Education”. Particularly important provisions of this regulatory act will be discussed in detail in the article.

What is the law about?

What does Federal Law 273-FZ “On Education” regulate? According to Article 1, this is social relations in the field of education. This includes the realization of the right to educational processes, high-quality provision of freedoms, interests and rights of humans and citizens, the creation of conditions for the realization of the rights to education, etc. The presented regulatory act regulates the fundamentals of an organizational, legal and economic nature, some principles for the implementation of state policy in Russia, general rules for the functioning of the educational system, and much more. Thanks to the law, can be clearly defined legal statuses participants in the educational sphere.

What, according to normative act, is education? The law speaks of a purposeful and unified educational process, which is a socially significant benefit carried out in the interests of Russian citizens. Parenting is part of education. According to the law, education is the activity of formation and development of personality. Training is a purposeful process of equipping a person with knowledge, skills and abilities.

Basic principles of the law

Article 3 No. 273-FZ “On Education” enshrines the basic principles on which the educational sphere in the Russian Federation is based. In addition to the classical principles of legality, humanity and focus on protecting the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, it is worth mentioning here:

On the right of every person to realize educational processes in Russia it is worth going into a little more detail further.

Right to education

Article 5 No. 273-FZ “On Education” provides the basic guarantees for the realization of the right to education of everyone Russian citizen. Thus, such a right is granted to everyone without exception - regardless of language, gender, origin, social beliefs, attitude to religion, etc. In Russia, free and universally accessible education must be guaranteed - both preschool and primary general, secondary, vocational, higher, etc.

State Russian authorities are designed to ensure high-quality implementation of the right to education. Such provision is possible only through socio-economic support, timely satisfaction of relevant human needs, carrying out quality reforms, etc. Both federal or regional state bodies and local self-government authorities are obliged to assist citizens in every possible way in the area they represent.

On the role of the state

It is worth talking about the powers of government bodies in a little more detail. According to Article 6 No. 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation", federal executive authorities are obliged to:

According to Article 72 of the Russian Constitution, activities in the field of education are under the jurisdiction of both regional and federal authorities, that is, they are joint in nature. That is why in Law No. 273-FZ “On Education” the functions of government bodies are also divided. So, if the federation is in charge of compiling the entire state educational program, issuing licenses to especially large institutions, financing educational organizations, etc., then the regions are responsible for functions that are not so large-scale - for example, creating conditions for childcare, creating or liquidating regional educational institutions, organizing additional training and much more.

About the structure of the educational institution

Article 10 of the Law of the Russian Federation No. 273-FZ "On Education" provides detailed characteristics all educational structure Russia. Here's what this structure includes:

In Russia today the following general education system has been established:

preschool level;
entry level;
main general level;
average general level.

Higher education is divided into bachelor's, specialty and master's degrees.

Implementation of educational activities

Chapter 3 No. talks about the implementation of educational activities in Russia. This kind of activity should be carried out by special organizations that have a license to carry out educational functions. Any organization providing training must be responsible for both its employees and the trainees.

Any educational organization must be non-profit in nature. In this area, norms on freedom of conscience, religion, worldview, etc. must be strictly observed. Depending on who exactly created the organization, it can be private, regional or state in nature.

About the subjects of the educational system

Who, according to Chapters 4 and 5 No. 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation", is included in the total number of subjects of the educational system? Here it is worth mentioning the students themselves - schoolchildren, preschoolers, students or graduate students, as well as their legal representatives (parents or guardians).

Pedagogical workers, namely teachers and professors, are also subjects of the presented system. All employees of educational organizations must be certified and licensed to carry out their professional activities.