Grafting of fruit trees and bushes. Unusual grafting Unusual grafting of trees

There are gardeners who are convinced that grafting pears onto shadberry will not work. It grafts well and begins to bear fruit at 3-4 years. Good supports are needed not only because it can break at the grafting site, but because the harvest is such, you have to strengthen each branch. Otherwise, it will break off under the weight of the fruit. At the bottom is a shadberry and at the top is a pear. What vaccinations do you know that are considered unusual and incompatible?

One enchanted Siberian gardener wrote that he does not believe in grafting a pear onto chokeberry (chokeberry). Send at least one photo, he writes. I am sending. The branch with chokeberry fruits is circled in red.

Pear on the serviceberry, though still in the spring.

And an apple tree in the serviceberry.

Many people consider this grafting - apricot onto sloe - to be unusual and incompatible. And in the book “Apricot in Moscow and the Moscow Region” it is directly written that apricot cannot be grafted onto sloe. Apparently they have never tried it - why write then? This apricot grafted onto a sloe began to bear fruit in the second year.

Pear on quince.

We present real examples unusual vaccinations garden crops, which give one or another effect and which the gardener himself can do (table).

Unusual grafting of fruit and berry crops

Culture (scion)	Rootstock	Achieved effect
	Hawthorn, Japanese quince	Precociousness, reduction in tree height
	Red rowan	Increasing winter hardiness
	Irga, chokeberry	Early fruiting, ability to bend branches and protect from frost
	Cerapadus	Increased winter hardiness, reduced gum development
	Felt cherry	Reducing tree height
		Growing on “dry” soils
		Growing in “wet” soils
	Plum, felt cherry	Increasing winter hardiness
	Plum, sloe
Plum, peach	Felt cherry
Japonica	Red rowan, hawthorn
Grape	Actinidia	Protection of the root system from frost
	Black currant
Chokeberry, Japanese quince	Red rowan	Based on such trees obtained by the methods described, the gardener can create a garden with 4 “story” components. The first floor is a vigorous seed rootstock, the second floor is an intermediate insert of a clonal low-growing variety, the third floor is a skeleton-forming plant from a winter-hardy variety, and the fourth floor is a crown from shoots of a cultivated variety. Moreover, the last “floor” can be represented not by one variety, but by several (according to the timing of fruit ripening). Thus, the advantages of such trees in the garden are winter hardiness of the root system and crown, early fruiting and short stature. "Four-story" tree However, the use of low-growing rootstocks and inserts does not always ensure the desired growth rate of the fruit tree. Ideally, it is desirable that the tree grows quickly at the beginning and its volume occupies the allotted nutritional area (planting scheme), and then the vegetative and generative development of the plants should be balanced. Unusual advice. To obtain such trees, V.I. Demenko has developed a method for creating plants with an insert that begins to work 3-4 years after planting. To do this, a seedling on a seed rootstock is grafted on both sides using the “bridge” method with cuttings of a weak-growing rootstock (insert); after 2-3 years, the bark is removed from the trunk, due to which the waste products of the tree are directed through the inserts, undergoing changes and affecting growth and fruiting fruit tree. The effect of dwarfism or reduced growth vigor can be achieved not by grafting various crops, but by performing the “inverted ring” operation. For example, on a pear and plum tree, during active sap flow, you need to remove a ring of bark 13-15 mm wide from the branch and immediately put it in its original place, but upside down. That is, thanks to such an operation, communication in the vessels of the cortex is disrupted and the outflow of nutrients is delayed. Therefore, fruiting on a ringed branch increases, and progressive growth in height decreases. Unfortunately, the effect of such an operation is short-lived and therefore it must be repeated after 3-4 years. Another surgical gardening operation can be performed to increase the winter hardiness of cherries. To do this, a 1 cm wide strip of bark is also removed from the branches and a strip of winter-hardy cherry bark of the same size is placed in its place. Obtaining a low-growing tree on a vigorous rootstock

We give real examples of unusual grafting of garden crops that give one or another effect and which the gardener himself can do (table).

Unusual grafting of fruit and berry crops

Culture (scion)	Rootstock	Achieved effect
	Hawthorn, Japanese quince	Precociousness, reduction in tree height
	Red rowan	Increasing winter hardiness
	Irga, chokeberry	Early fruiting, ability to bend branches and protect from frost
	Cerapadus	Increased winter hardiness, reduced gum development
	Felt cherry	Reducing tree height
		Growing on “dry” soils
		Growing in “wet” soils
	Plum, felt cherry	Increasing winter hardiness
	Plum, sloe
Plum, peach	Felt cherry
Japonica	Red rowan, hawthorn
Grape	Actinidia	Protection of the root system from frost
Rowan nevezhinskaya	Red rowan	Sweetness
Red currant	Black currant
Chokeberry, Japanese quince	Red rowan	Obtaining plants in standard form
Gooseberry	Golden currant
"Male" sea buckthorn plants	"Female" sea buckthorn plants	For pollination, so as not to have separate "male" trees
"Female" sea buckthorn plants	"Male" sea buckthorn plants	For pollination, if “male” plants grow significantly better than “female” ones

With the help of vaccinations you can get unusual trees, for example, apple trees, which have a powerful and winter-hardy root system, but with a weakly growing above-ground part that begins to bear fruit early. For this purpose, it is necessary to plant some vigorous rootstock of an apple tree (seedlings of Antonovka, Grushovka Moscow or wild forest apple tree) in a permanent place or sow the seeds of these apple trees. Then, a clonal low-growing variety must be grafted into a one- or two-year-old rootstock using any method (by eye or cutting). It will serve as an intermediate (intercalary) insert between the vigorous rootstock and the cultivated variety.

Obtaining a seedling with an intercalary rootstock in three years: a) the first year - double budding; b) second year - proximity grafting; c) third year - removal of part of the cultivar and the top of the intercalary rootstock; 1 - bird cherry; 2 - cerapadus; 3 - cherry

The longer the intermediate insert (an insert of 15-20 cm in length is usually recommended), the greater the impact it has on the vigor, character and rate of metabolism between the rootstock and the solder. The following clonal rootstocks can be used as an intermediate insert: M8, M9, Budagovsky's paradise, No. 54-118, No. 62-396, Budagovsky's baby.

There are many ways to obtain trees with an intermediate insert - budding with two shields, double budding, double winter grafting and others. We present the method of I.F. Indenko, in which in the first year a vigorous rootstock is budded with two eyes on one side of the shoot: a scutellum of a cultivated variety is grafted underneath, and a scutellum of an intermediate insert (intercalary) is grafted above it. In the second year, shoots grown from grafted buds are grafted using the method of rapprochement (ablation). In the third year, the apical part of the intercalary (above the place of last year’s grafting) must be removed, as well as that part of the shoot of the cultivated variety that is located between the rootstock and the place of ablation.

You can get a tree with an intermediate insert in one year. To do this, it is necessary to buminate the insert cuttings “in the butt” with a bud of a cultivated variety and graft this cutting onto the seed rootstock using the “improved copulation” method.

Based on such trees obtained by the methods described, the gardener can create a garden with 4 “story” components. The first floor is a vigorous seed rootstock, the second floor is an intermediate insert of a clonal low-growing variety, the third floor is a skeleton-forming plant from a winter-hardy variety, and the fourth floor is a crown from shoots of a cultivated variety. Moreover, the last “floor” can be represented not by one variety, but by several (according to the timing of fruit ripening). Thus, the advantages of such trees in the garden are winter hardiness of the root system and crown, early fruiting and short stature.

"Four-story" tree

However, the use of low-growing rootstocks and inserts does not always ensure the desired growth rate of the fruit tree. Ideally, it is desirable that the tree grows quickly at the beginning and its volume occupies the allotted nutritional area (planting scheme), and then the vegetative and generative development of the plants should be balanced.

Unusual advice. To obtain such trees, V.I. Demenko has developed a method for creating plants with an insert that begins to work 3-4 years after planting. To do this, a seedling on a seed rootstock is grafted on both sides using the “bridge” method with cuttings of a weak-growing rootstock (insert); after 2-3 years, the bark is removed from the trunk, due to which the waste products of the tree are directed through the inserts, undergoing changes and affecting growth and fruiting fruit tree.

The effect of dwarfism or reduced growth vigor can be achieved not by grafting various crops, but by performing the “inverted ring” operation. For example, on a pear and plum tree, during active sap flow, you need to remove a ring of bark 13-15 mm wide from the branch and immediately put it in its original place, but upside down. That is, thanks to such an operation, communication in the vessels of the cortex is disrupted and the outflow of nutrients is delayed. Therefore, fruiting on a ringed branch increases, and progressive growth in height decreases. Unfortunately, the effect of such an operation is short-lived and therefore it must be repeated after 3-4 years.

Another surgical gardening operation can be performed to increase the winter hardiness of cherries. To do this, a 1 cm wide strip of bark is also removed from the branches and a strip of winter-hardy cherry bark of the same size is placed in its place.

Obtaining a low-growing tree on a vigorous rootstock

Graft fruit trees– engraftment of cuttings of another on one plant. The procedure will allow you to renew an old tree with a decrease in fertility, as well as obtain a crop of several varieties on one trunk. One of the goals of the event is to increase frost resistance. In this case, a variety adapted to local conditions is taken as the basis (rootstock), and a more southern variety, which is planned to be grown in this area, acts as a scion. The grafted cuttings will begin to bear fruit within 2-4 years, and the quality of the fruit will noticeably improve. Grafting of fruit trees to increase productivity is used both in large nurseries and in private summer cottages. The operation can be performed by any amateur gardener.

Vaccination methods

Engraftment of the scion onto the rootstock is carried out in various ways. Their choice depends on the type and size of the tree, climatic conditions, and time of year.

There are several techniques for performing the operation:

• budding;
• bark grafting;
• copulation;
• vaccination at the cutting edge;
• ablation.

According to the timing of vaccinations, there are spring, summer and winter. With spring grafting, the cuttings grow together and develop during the summer. If the operation is performed in the summer, then development will occur the following year.

It is better to carry out work in cloudy but dry weather. If the heat lasts for several days, then the plants are watered abundantly before grafting.

To perform the procedure, seedlings are dug up in winter and planted in spring. Their development will take place in the current season. Winter vaccinations ensure fusion close to 100%.

Let's take a closer look best ways grafting of fruit trees.

Budding of fruit trees

Using this technology, a dormant bud (eye) is grafted. is the main method of domestication of wild animals used in nurseries. It is faster to implement and more economical: from one cutting you can take 4-5 buds for grafting the corresponding number of rootstocks.

The operation is performed during the period of active movement of juice. Tentatively, this is the end of July - beginning of August, but the exact dates depend on regional climatic conditions. The criterion for their determination is slight peeling of the bark.

Seedlings with branches up to 1 cm thick are suitable for budding. Before grafting fruit trees, prepare the base. All branches are cut off from the bottom of the trunk, leaving 5-7 skeletal branches in different directions in the crown.

Annual shoots in the growth stage with strengthened wood and formed buds are used as scions. Cuttings 10-15 cm long are prepared from their middle part.

Next, cut out the shields - eyes with wood about 3 cm in length and transfer them to the rootstocks. To do this, a T-shaped cut of the bark is made at the grafting site. The shield is placed behind the bark and tied.

Before carrying out the operation, the rootstock trunk should be washed with a damp cloth.

After 1.5-2 weeks, you should make sure that the budding of the fruit trees was successful and the scion has taken root. Otherwise, the operation can be repeated if time permits and the bark is still exfoliating

Grafting fruit trees by bark

Cutting grafting behind the bark is performed when there is a significant difference in the thickness of the rootstock and scion. It is often used for overgrown seedlings after failed budding or for regrafting.

The timing of grafting fruit trees is from the beginning of the movement of sap to its active stage.

The basis is a rootstock cut to resemble a stump. For scions, shoots in the dormant or awakening stage are taken. They are cut into 2-3 buds.

On the stump at the grafting site, a 2.5-3 cm incision is made in the bark. The lower part of the scion is cut at a bevel and placed behind the bark. After this, the place of fusion is tied and covered with garden putty.

To improve contact, sometimes in the scion, in addition to a longitudinal cut, a horizontal cut is made - the so-called saddle, with which the cutting sits on the stump.

You can graft 2-3 shoots onto one base.

The copulation method is used for rootstocks of small diameter when grafting onto the bark is not possible. The advantage of the technology is that it allows wild animals to be cultivated at the earliest stages, without waiting for the standard to grow stronger.

Copulation differs from previous methods in the timing of the operation. Plants should be at rest. It is necessary not to miss the time to graft fruit trees in the spring and carry out the work before the sap begins to flow, and if possible, do it in the winter.

The grafting technique is as follows: the rootstock and scion are cut obliquely, aligned with each other, wrapped and covered. If their diameters almost coincide, then it is advisable to apply the scion from above, but if the thickness of the rootstock is much thicker, then the butt is made from the side. In this case, 2-3 cuttings can be placed on one base.

For better fusion, not even, but shaped cuts with tongues and saddles are made.

The cut must be made in one pass of the knife.

Scions are cut into 2-3 buds.

Winter grafting of fruit trees is carried out indoors. To do this, the rootstocks are dug up in the fall, stored in the cellar in the winter, and planted with grafted cuttings in the spring.

Grafting fruit trees into a side cut

A technology that is little used in nurseries, but is of interest to amateur gardeners. The grafting is carried out into a rootstock of any thickness and ensures good fusion. The operation is most often performed to improve the productivity of an already fruit-bearing orchard by replacing the top of an old tree.

The work period is winter, spring and summer.

A slit is cut on the side of the tree trunk, tapering downward. A scion with 2 buds is cut on both sides at a bevel to form a sharp edge and is wedged into the notch. Next, tying and plastering with garden varnish are performed.

Grafting fruit trees into clefts

A widely used technology in the past known as clothespin. It is used in cases where the rootstock has rough bark or is damaged unsuccessful attempts vaccinations by other means. As a rule, mature trees with a developed root system are used, which provides good protection from frost. For scions, larger cuttings with up to 5 buds are prepared compared to other methods.

The operation must be performed before sap flow begins. Grafting fruit trees in the spring ensures good plant development in the summer. Stone fruits are grafted from mid-March, pome trees from early April.

The rootstock is cut at a height of 10-12 cm from the ground and trimmed with a garden knife. Next, a crack is cut out in it with a hatchet and temporarily wedged. The scions are cut on both sides at a bevel of approximately 4 cm and inserted into the gap, after which the wedge is removed. The result is a reliable clamp that requires virtually no tying. But applying garden pitch to all pruned and trimmed parts with this method of grafting fruit trees is mandatory.

If the diameter of the rootstock allows, then it is recommended to graft 2 cuttings onto it from different sides.

Ablation of fruit trees

Ablation or proximity grafting is carried out by merging plant branches through sections of bark or wood. This technology has found applications in molded gardening. It makes it possible to renew the crown, replace damaged areas and fill voids, as well as form slate (creeping) forms.

Ablation allows you to plant trees in limited spaces, for example, near the walls of a house, where they, using the vertical area as efficiently as possible, not only provide good harvest, but also perform a decorative function. The technique is also used to save trees that are sick or eaten by animals, providing nutrition to the crown from another root.

The operation can be carried out throughout the growing season, but spring is considered the best time.

If the diameters of the rootstock and scion match, produce the usual butt of branches cut lengthwise by 5 cm. The splice area is wrapped and sealed. For better splicing, tongue hooks can be made.

If the rootstock is thicker, then the bark on it is only trimmed and the scion is inserted into the slot.

In conclusion, we suggest watching a video about methods of grafting fruit trees in the spring.

Video about spring grafting of apple trees

Pear seedling (seed rootstock)

The choice of rootstocks for pear trees is much smaller than for apple trees. After lengthy selection, the seed rootstock of the Kirchensaller Mostbierne variety has proven itself well. It has good winter hardiness and strong growth. Pears (Sorbus) and hawthorn (Crataegus) are also available, but these combinations have not gained popularity.

Vegetatively propagated pear rootstocks

But the Golden Pear variety with small fruits that taste like marzipan is on the verge of extinction.

Cultivated forms of medlar with large fruits (for example, German medlar Mespilus germanica) are grafted onto hawthorn; such seedlings are covered with thorns and produce only small fruits. Vaccinations for quince, pear and rowan are also possible.

Varieties of German medlar (Mespilus germanica) with large fruits are often grafted onto monogyne hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna).

You can grow wonderful standard forms on mountain ash.

Rootstocks for cherries

Bird cherry

As before, the cherry seedling, or Bird's Cherry (Prunus avium), remains the most common rootstock for both sweet cherries and cherries. Until now, the rootstocks mainly used were Limburger Cherry and Pure Hüttner, bred from the True Light Bark Harz Birdcherry variety. You can also purchase virus-free Altenweddinger seed rootstock.

Grafting of cultivated cherry varieties is generally done using the appropriate grafting method at the height of any desired branching, since the grafted cherry varieties themselves are often less frost-resistant and more prone to gum development. Therefore, we do not recommend grafting cherries onto the root collar.

Antipka, or Magalebka

The rootstock variety Antipka, or Magalebka (Prunus mahaleb), is suitable for dry, sandy soils for both cherries and cherries, but is weaker than Bird Cherry (Prunus avium). When grafting different varieties Cherries often experience some incompatibility.

Vegetative rootstocks for cherries

Maxma Delbard 14

A slightly lower-growing, well-proven cherry rootstock from micropropagated crops (i.e. propagated in vitro). It arose by crossing Magalebka and Sweet Cherry (Prunus mazzard). If possible, it is better not to prune scions on such a rootstock in the first three years.

A somewhat weaker, vegetatively propagated rootstock derived from Bird Cherry (Prunus avium), and Colt. Virus-free Colt rootstock was developed at East Malling Research Station (England) by crossing Bird Cherry (Prunus avium) with Chinese Cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus). It grows much weaker.

Cherries grown on trellises produce especially abundant harvests, as they receive very good lighting and optimal care from all sides.

Bird cherry, and in combination with both cherries and cherries, it shows full compatibility. Thus, Colt rootstock has become one of the most popular cherry rootstocks. Sometimes there is a tendency of young trees to form aerial roots.

Gisela rootstocks

As a result of the program for breeding rootstocks for cherries at the University of Giessen, as a result of crossing the varieties Morel shady (Prunus cerasus) and Sweet cherries (Prunus canescens), the best clonal rootstocks appeared - Gisela 3, Gisela 5 and Gisela 6 (growth vigor increases with increasing ordinal rootstock numbers). These rootstocks were healthy rhizomes with pronounced weak growth. Cherries grafted onto these rootstocks grew from 1.8 to a maximum of 2.5 m.

The plum variety Friar (also Monk) produces very large fruits of an unusual flat shape. It is also grafted onto a vigorous rootstock.

These rootstocks are propagated by a new method of meristem propagation, in which the plant is grown in a test tube from the meristem tissues of the plant (in this case, by the way, the clone is freed from viruses).

Other cherry rootstocks

Meanwhile, many other cherry rootstocks were developed. Weaker clonal rootstocks came from the German town of Weihenstephan (Beirut) and from France (Tabel, Yaspi, Julior, Torinel).

Although almond cultivation has no particular agricultural significance, it is still successfully cultivated in areas with a suitable climate. Basically we mean sweet almonds.

Almond seedling (seed rootstock). Vigorous, suitable for warm and very dry places.

SR677

A hybrid rootstock obtained by crossing almond and peach promotes strong scion growth and is suitable for good, permeable soil.

Ishtar. Medium-vigorous rootstock, promotes a good large-fruited harvest, does not form wild growth.

Peach and nectarine. Winter-hardy almond trees can also be planted in more northern areas.

Peach seedling (seed rootstock)

Peach seedlings are grown from the Gigama and red-leaved Rubira varieties for the subsequent formation of vigorous plants. In eastern Germany, the Proskauer variety is also used as a rootstock.

Brompton plum. Vigorous plum rootstock, also excellent for grafting into the crown.

Prickly plum, or thorn. The sloe produces a pronounced dwarf growth; sometimes it needs support on a stake. However, life expectancy is significantly limited. Basically, only amateur gardeners graft peach and nectarine onto sloe.

Apricot

Apricot seedling (seed rootstock)

Seed rootstocks of the Millionaire variety produce vigorous trees and are recommended for dry soil.

If you grow apricot in a spacious tub in a suitable place, then even in northern latitudes you can count on an annual harvest.

Cherry plum, or myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera)

Myrobalan is a vigorous, healthy rootstock, the formation of stolons is possible.

Torinel. Medium-vigorous apricot rootstock with early fruit set. Also suitable for impermeable soils.

Currants and gooseberries

Currants and gooseberries in bush form are grown from cuttings. Low-standard or high-standard forms, as well as the Heinemanns Spätlese variety, are propagated by grafting. If the varieties form strong, erect, zero shoots growing from the roots, then they can be cut off and grafted with cuttings at the desired height.

Golden currant (Ribes aureum)

Golden currant is the most important rootstock, and several different breedings are known.

Oregon gooseberry (Ribes divaricatum)

The rootstock is well suited for areas with heavy rainfall and for deep places, since golden currants in such conditions have a tendency to edema (dropsy).

Common gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa)

Along with Oregon gooseberry and golden currant, it is also good for grafting cultivated gooseberry varieties. Moreover, some hybrids of currants and gooseberries, such as Yoshta, are also excellent as rootstocks, due to their strong growth and smooth straight trunk.

Currants grafted onto a standard can be grown anywhere in the garden, as they do not take up much space.

Walnut

Real walnut (Juglans regia). Strong walnut as a rootstock it promotes strong growth, but rather late entry into fruiting.

Black walnut (Juglans nigra). Black walnut as a rootstock does not produce such strong growth and makes the walnut bear fruit earlier.

Common hazel

Common hazel (Corylus avellana). This type of rootstock is primarily used for propagating corkscrew hazel (Corylus avellana ‘Contorta).

Rootstocks for citrus fruits

By plants in tubs we mean those plants that, in the climatic conditions of Central Europe, usually do not have winter-hardy properties, and if they do, then only taking into account certain precautions. Therefore, most of them require appropriate wintering quarters during the cold season.

Planting seeds from a wide variety of citrus fruits sold in stores is very popular, since the seeds in most cases germinate, and in favorable places - on a south-east or south-west window or ideally in a greenhouse, and in the summer in the fresh air - from them corresponding green plants with strange leaves and flowers grow. However, those who expect to get a flowering and fruiting citrus plant in just a few years will in most cases be disappointed, because seedlings of most citrus species bloom after many years.

Poncirus trifolia is not only an excellent rootstock for citrus fruits. This is our only winter-hardy citrus plant with attractive flowers and a bountiful harvest of apple-like fruits in the fall.

And since almost all citrus fruits sold in stores are hybrids or selected varieties, propagation of varieties by generative, that is, sexual, means is in principle impossible.

Citrus cultivars are grown by grafting onto suitable, for example, low-growing rootstocks such as Poncirus trifoliata and its variety Flying Dragon (var. monstrosa).

Three-leaved poncirus (Poncirus trifoliata)

Poncirus trifolia is the most important rootstock for citrus fruits grown in tubs. It is low-growing and especially cold-resistant. But this does not mean that the varieties grafted onto the three-leaved poncirus will become cold-resistant and can be grown on open ground. Incompatibility may occur with some varieties of grapefruit and pampelmousse.

Poncirus trifoliata is our only winter-hardy citrus species. When grown in a tub, it also has a very attractive appearance.

Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrosa ‘Flying Dragon’

This rootstock grows even weaker than the previous one. In combination with cuttings from low-growing cultivars, such as Hong Kong or mini kumquat (Fortunella hindsii), or Chinese bush orange (Severinia bwdfolia), bonsai can be grown. The twisted trunks and downward thorns look especially attractive on this rootstock.

Citrange (Poncirus trifoliata x Citrus sinensis)

Citrange varieties (a hybrid of Poncirus trifoliata and Citrus sinensis orange) such as Carrizo and Troyer, due to their strength, tolerance and disease resistance, are often used as medium-vigorous rootstocks in citrus-growing countries.

Citromelo (Poncirus trifoliata x Citrus paradisi)

Citromelo (a hybrid of Poncirus trifoliata and Citrus paradisi) is a healthy, highly compatible rootstock. If they want to achieve stronger and faster growth, then they often use citromelo.

Selection US119 (Citromelo x Citrus sinensis)

Vigorous, insensitive to cold, very prickly hybrid of citromel and orange Citrus sinensis. Also suitable as an intermediate insert for grafting.

Orange (Citrus aurantium)

Orange, or bitter orange, often grows simply on the streets Southern Europe. A typical plant in a tub in greenhouses. All types and varieties of citrus fruits grafted onto orange trees become vigorous and relatively short term form strong trunks.

Wild lemon (Citrus jambhiri)

Those wishing to grow a fast-growing citrus plant should graft it onto this particular rootstock. Wild lemon is often sold under a second name: rough-skinned lemon.

To prevent fungal diseases in producing countries, edible passionflower varieties are grafted onto bred resistant varieties. In a small photo: a flower of edible passionflower, or yellow granadilla, with yellow fruits (Passiflora edulisio. flavicarpa).

Oriental persimmon (Diosрros kaki)

The rootstock for the persimmon tree (Diospyros kaki) is its species - Virginia persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) and Caucasian or common persimmon (Diospyros lotus). Virginia persimmon is winter-hardy, and therefore it is recommended for cultivation in countries with a suitable climate.

Caucasian persimmon is almost as winter-hardy. Its advantage is that, even as a young seedling, it forms strong shoots and can be used as a rootstock often within a year after grafting. Oriental persimmon seedlings are used less frequently.

In amateur gardens, seed rootstocks grown from the seeds of the citrus varieties offered here are also successfully used.

With the help of grafting, many such plants, especially useful ones, can be propagated. Rootstocks are often wildflowers of the same species, which are either grown independently from purchased seeds, or purchased from specialized nurseries and gardening centers as inexpensive seedlings.

If a plant of edible passionflower (Passicora edulis) is grafted onto a selected seed rootstock, it is less likely to be affected by typical infectious diseases, and the yield of the fruit, which, by the way, is often called passion fruit, increases. This is done, for example, in South American countries.

Everyone would like the trees on their tree to please them every year with an abundant and high-quality harvest, never grow old, and any variety they like to take root easily and quickly. It is quite possible to make all these dreams come true if you are an expert. Let's look into the nuances of this subtle and very fascinating matter.

The main rule of breeders is to graft like onto like. In this case, a successful result is guaranteed, since intraspecific vaccinations always grow together easily and bear fruit well.

Important! Internatal vaccinations are considered the most difficult, but quite realistic. For example, growing on, although it sounds like a fragment from a fantasy series, is quite possible. But such combinations are very short-lived. Cause- in the discrepancy between the development coefficient of the wood of the rootstock and scion. Over time, this graft turns into a thick log, which becomes too much for the thin leg.

The desired result can be obtained not only by crossing varietal and wild ones, but also in tandem of interspecific specimens. IN lately gardeners are experimenting more and more, grafting on quince.

This combination is attractive due to the special taste characteristics of the fruit, which become more pronounced. It is almost impossible to achieve this when fused with wild animals.

Experts emphasize that in most cases it is used as a rootstock for and- on which the cutting you like takes root.
This variation is very successful for intervarietal and interspecific combinations, since the tree provides good food scion, which, in turn, quickly absorbs beneficial microelements and forms an improved harvest.

But it is impossible to grow quince sprouts on a pear. This happens extremely rarely, even among professionals.

Cherry plum

A surefire option is to cross two varieties of this variety. But as a result of numerous experiments, botanists have proven that cherry plum is the best rootstock for most stone fruit crops.

Important! Vaccinations are best done at 4-5-year-old seedlings, since a too young, underdeveloped tree is not yet ready to grow together, and older specimens are already sufficiently formedfor this purpose. The older the rootstock, the more difficult it is to achieve results.

The reasons for the popularity of the rootstock are:

• high survival rate of cuttings;
• increased productivity of the future scion;
• improved taste and larger fruit sizes;
• increasing drought and frost resistance of the scion;
• the presence of fewer root shoots.

Experienced gardeners speak well of those grafted on, and. At the same time, the effectiveness of the latter combination is noted only in warm regions where there are no harsh winters.

It is also recommended to use semi-wild varieties of cherry plum for grafting.

Plum

Having become interested in higher gardening, many lovers of experiments combine incompatible things and, of course, become disappointed in the undertaking.

So that we don’t have to regret wasted time, we asked experts what can be instilled in.

In one of the largest garden nurseries in the country, we were advised to grow on this rootstock and.
And if you want to get something interesting from varietal plums, then it is better to graft on seedlings of large-fruited cherry plums. An excellent nutrient material for splicing is the rootstock VVA-1, SVG-11-19.

Important! It is better to plan the grafting of fruit crops in the spring, when the circulation of juice in the trunks begins and occurs very intensively. Summer experiments often fail due to dehydration, and autumn ones - due to early frosts.

These are the most common variations at the amateur level. Moreover, tandems of wild animals with hybrids and different varieties are allowed.

Did you know? Scientists have been able to prove that all plants transmit information about the amount of ultraviolet radiation received. This process occurs due to an internal mechanism reminiscent of nervous system primitive living organisms. For example, when light fell on only one leaf, a violent chemical reaction. In addition, it was different in the color of the irradiation.

But this is still an incomplete list of what can be grafted onto. It turns out amazing when combining it with cherry plum and plum. Moreover, in these cases the reverse option is also allowed.

And if you want to get a dwarf, very winter-hardy tree with a branched, variegated crown, try merging it with thorns.
In regions with temperate climatic conditions“Korostynsky” cherry varieties are ideal for grafting, as well as cloned rootstocks “Izmailovskaya (PN)”, “Rubin”, AVCh-2, VP-1.

Cherries

If you do not deviate from the key rule of gardeners, then the ideal option for cherry cuttings are frost-resistant varieties.

And when you want to expand the horizons of gardening possibilities, you can try to plant them on either cherry plum. These variations are welcomed among industry professionals because they have good survival rate and the ability to collect different types of fruits from one tree every year.

The only requirement for the scion: it must have good immunity and endurance to unfavorable cultivation conditions.

Did you know? In order to get results from grafted plants, you will need 4–5 years.

Experienced gardeners can try to grow with a plum, using the latter as a rootstock. This combination requires a lot of effort and knowledge, but the result is worth it.

Pear

The easiest way is to splice different ones. It truly brings pleasure with maximum effect. For such combinations, gardeners give preference to the varieties “Svetlyanka”, “Lesnaya”, “Tenderness”, which are used for rootstock.
A good result is obtained when grafted onto quince. Such a shoot never grows tall; its fruits ripen much faster than usual and have a slightly tart, pleasant taste.

Well, if you ask “Is it possible to graft onto a pear?”, you will get a clear answer: “Yes.” The most common combination, which is characterized by the rapid fusion of rootstock and scion, is considered to be apple varieties “Melba”, “Vityaz”, and pear varieties “Kadefralnaya”.

Experts warn about the high yield of grafting, so they advise you to support the scion branches in time, since the risk of them breaking off is very high.

Did you know? The foliage on plants is located in a clear order: at a specific angle, at the same distance from each other, clockwise or counterclockwise. Mathematicians managed to describe these facts as fractions using Fibonacci numbers. For example, the angle between the leaves is 2/5, the angle between the leaves is 5/13, and the angle between the leaves is 3/8. Botanists translate these values ​​as the plant’s effective ability to receive ultraviolet light and moisture.

It is allowed to engraft pear cuttings on, and even