Connect a private house to electricity. Connecting a country house to electricity via an overhead line

Organizing power supply in the house is a long and complex process that requires a responsible approach to implementation, correct calculation and competent installation of the input. The service life of the entire electrical network in the house.

Connecting electricity to is not an easy process. It requires certain skills and knowledge to perform such work. It should be taken into account that the safety of using the electrical network and its durability will depend on the correct connection.

Connecting electricity - where to start?

Those who need to connect their home to electricity often have no idea where to start. As in most cases, this process begins with the preparation of appropriate documentation.

Registration of work permits and issuance of technical conditions

The main document that allows you to start connecting electricity is the technical conditions for this type of work. To obtain such a condition, you must contact the government organization responsible for supplying the population with electrical energy, that is, Energonadzor. This organization necessarily has a special department that deals with such issues, where you can find out what is needed to connect electricity to the house and what documents need to be provided. Often the list of documents includes the following:

• photocopy of the passport and identification code of the owner of the house;
• a photocopy of the title document for the object;
• inventory file at this address;
• site plan.

Depending on the need, this list may be supplemented with other documents. Next, you should fill out the appropriate application, which is drawn up in two copies. After completing the application, an agreement with the organization is drawn up within thirty working days. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, Energonadzor does not have the right to refuse customers connection to the power grid, therefore in 99% of cases, this procedure proceeds without problems.

After receiving the technical specification, you must study it carefully, as it contains important information. This document indicates exactly where the light meter should be located, namely whether it should be installed on a pole, on the very facade of the house or on one of its walls. Through this, the organization attempts to ensure uninterrupted access to the site at all times. However, the owner of the house himself can choose a place to install the unit, the main thing is that access to it is provided.

Features of the process of connecting from a pole after issuing technical specifications

It is imperative that after the technical specification has been handed over to the client, it should be read carefully. This is due to the fact that it may contain unnecessary requirements that are not required to be fulfilled. According to the law Russian Federation, in the event that the distance from the border of the site to the nearest pole is no more than three hundred meters (and in rural areas no more than five hundred meters), then a state organization should be involved in connecting the electricity. This means hiring for this special brigade in this case it is not required, and all work will be carried out by Energonadzor employees. This is quite convenient, because the cost of connecting electricity to a private home from private installers today is quite high, so not everyone can afford to hire workers. At the same time, workers government organization must complete all work within a period of no more than six months.

In addition to the technical conditions for connecting electricity, they sometimes require a power supply project for connecting up to 15 kW, however, by law, it is not at all necessary to submit this document.

After agreeing on all the documentation, you can begin connecting. It should be remembered that the process of obtaining technical specifications itself can be significantly delayed, due to the fact that in a state-owned company there is always a shortage of personnel and at the same time a large flow of applicants. To speed up the paperwork process, you can contact a private connection company.

Connection cost

When it is necessary to connect to the electrical network, the first question many people have is how much it costs to connect electricity to a private home. In fact, there are no generally accepted tariffs here. However, the cost is calculated in each case separately based on many factors. The connection is divided into several types depending on the degree of power, so there are three degrees:

• 1 power level – up to sixteen kilowatts;
• 2 power level - from sixteen to fifty kilowatts;
• Power level 3 – from fifty to sixty kilowatts.

Also, the cost and connection of electricity to the house from a pole is affected by the distance of the nearest pole from the border. Non-standard connection is calculated individually. Thus, connecting the 1st power level even if the pole is not located remotely will cost much less than connecting the 3rd power level, about 550 rubles. Upon completion of the connection, an inspection of all completed work is also paid in the amount of 456 rubles.

Installation procedure

Regardless of the location of the metering unit, which can be made on the pole itself or on the pole, it is necessary to make a branch from the power line and bring the cable to the house. This is done in several ways:

• by air;
• underground way.

Today, underground connection is more popular. This is due to the significant advantage of this method - the absence of a hanging wire that goes from the pole to the house. However, the cost installation work This method is much more expensive than connecting by air. Connecting electricity to the house from a pole, the diagram helps to see the significant differences between these two methods.

To connect electricity to the house, you must use a SIP 4 cable with a cross-section of 16 square meters. mm. This cable is resistant to UVA rays and has a long service life of more than twenty-five years. Due to this, since the advent of this cable, it has been actively used to connect a home to the power grid. In this case, based on how many phases are connected, a cable with two or four cores is suitable. The cable is secured to the house in such a way that in winter, snow that rolls off the roof does not fall on it. Cable installation is carried out using fittings specially created for this purpose and, as a rule, does not take much time. If the cable installation is carried out by air, then you should use a SIP cable with a cross-section of at least sixteen mm square.

Features of air connection

When connecting electricity from a pole that is located at a distance of more than 25 meters, using the air method, it is necessary to install an additional support along its path. When installing an additional support, the cable between the pole, support and house must be at a height of no less than six meters. In this case, the connection point on the building should be installed above the mark of 2.75 meters.

It is strictly prohibited to insert aluminum wire into the house. This is regulated by a special document, which states that aluminum cable cannot be routed into combustible structures. As a result, in order to bring the wire into the house, it is necessary to switch from SIP cable to VVG cable ng. This type of cable can be used both for organizing regular wiring inside the house and over the air. The cable passage through the wall of the house must be made using a metal sleeve with a wall thickness of at least 3.2 millimeters. This is necessary in order to protect the wire from various types of damage, including during shrinkage of the structure.

Features of connecting electricity to a house underground

When connecting your home to the power grid using the underground method, you should use copper or aluminum cable. Copper cable is of higher quality and has a longer lifespan. service life, however, the price of such material will be much higher. When using copper cable, it must be VVG grade with a cross-section of at least 10 mm. sq. If you plan to use an aluminum cable, then the most suitable cable is the AVBBShV brand with a cross-section of at least 16 mm. sq. To lay the cable underground, it must be an armored type of wire. The cable should be installed in the ground in such a way that on the input and output sides it is placed in a metal pipe, which should be shaped like the letter L.

In this case, to the end from the point of bending, the total pipe must have a height of no less than two and a half meters. In addition, the pipe must extend to the surface from the ground to a height of more than 1.8 meters. If part of the cable underground remains unprotected by the pipe, it must be protected using double-wall corrugated HDPE. The cable is laid in the ground at a depth of 0.6 to 0.8 meters. In this case, the wire itself is laid exactly at this depth. The cable must also be routed into the house through a metal sleeve. The cable must not be laid under the foundation of the house.

It should be remembered that when connecting electricity to the house and when by air and underground, it is a rather complex process that requires compliance with all norms and standards, as well as special care in the work. Therefore, it is advisable to entrust such work to professionals with extensive experience.

Perform lightning and overload protection

Regardless of how the cable was connected to the house, the cable input should be protected from possible overvoltages using a special device.

When connecting a house to the electrical network from a pole, it is imperative to make a grounding loop in the place where the cable is introduced into the room. The technical conditions received from Energonadzor may indicate what the resistance of the ground loop should be and this will be checked upon delivery, so it must correspond to the value specified in the document. The grounding loop is connected to the main grounding bus using an aluminum cable with a cross-section of at least sixteen mm square. If a copper cable is used, the cross-section must be at least 10 mm square. The disconnection of the input switchgear is carried out based on the selected grounding system. Grounding should be done according to existing rules and standards, so it is better for an ignorant person to leave such work to experienced specialists.

The metering unit and the input distribution device must be located in the same switchboard housing and be located either outside the building on the facade or pillar, or inside the house. In any case, you must first provide protection against overvoltage and breakage neutral conductor. If the input switchgear has a metal casing, then re-grounding should be done.

After completing all installation work, you must contact the energy sales organization again. This will be followed by the delivery of the connection, during which it will be determined to what extent the work done meets the necessary requirements and standards in order to ensure the safety and reliability of the connection.

Video connecting electricity to a private house

Even at the construction stage, electricity is needed to use power tools - drills and rotary hammers, and to heat the construction site with heat guns if work takes place in late autumn. In the home, many amenities also rely on electricity. Even if the garden area has overhead power lines and its own transformer, you will have to pull electrical cable by air, and then arrange the wiring in the house.

If electricity is not provided at the dacha, you need to consider options such as a mobile power station running on gasoline or diesel, a wind or solar installation. These models for generating electricity will ensure the constant functioning of electrical appliances, water pressure in the tap, and lighting of the house and garden in the evening.

Let's consider the optimistic option - you are lucky and your dacha has a centralized power supply. The house has been built, and now it is necessary to connect it to electricity in the street network with a voltage of 220 V. As a rule, this is done through air line.

The overhead line entry path is divided into two sections

A section of wires from the pole where the overhead lines pass to the point of entry into the building;

Entry into the house from insulators located on the outer wall to the arrangement inside the room.

If the pole with overhead lines is located more than 10 m from the house, a stand is installed to relieve the tension on the wires. Any reinforced concrete or wooden support is suitable for this purpose. The distance from the branch point on the overhead line pole to the ground must be at least 6 m, from the wires to the road and in the courtyard of the house - 3.5 m, from the entrance to the building to the ground - 2.75 m.

The distance from the wires to the balcony is at least 1.5 m. The branch from the overhead line is made of insulated wire, which runs along a metal cable or in the ground. For branches you need to take copper wires with a cross-section of at least 6 mm 2. If the cable length is less than 10 m, you can use a cross-section of 4 mm 2. It is necessary that the cross-section of aluminum wires be at least 16 mm 2. If the installation is carried out with a single cable, then the cross-section of its cores is from 4 mm 2 for aluminum and from 2.5 mm 2 for copper wires. The cable consists of one or several wires insulated from each other, which are enclosed in a sheath (Fig. 1.4); in addition to the cores, it may contain other structural elements.

To more accurately determine the size of the cores, it is necessary to proceed from the calculation: 1 kW of load requires 1.57 sq. mm section. Aluminum wires are very plastic, which in the future leads to sparking and short circuiting of the wiring. They will serve you for 20 to 30 years. Copper wires are of higher quality and can withstand high loads. Their disadvantage is the ability to oxidize, and if contact is broken, to heat up and even burn out.

A branch from the overhead lines is carried out by a cable (Fig. 1.5), which can also be laid underground.

This is aesthetically pleasing - no hanging wires are visible on the site. The cable is guided until it enters the trench along a support; it is protected from mechanical damage metal pipe or another structure, the length of which is at least 2 m. The trench from the support to the building must be at least 0.8 m deep; for additional cable protection, you can use PVC pipe as a casing. Next, the cable is buried at a distance of 15 cm from the ground level and a warning tape is laid, which warns of the presence of wires in the soil in case of excavation work in this place.

When branching from an overhead line, a single-phase input must be grounded; an underground input does not require this. To ground the neutral wire, metal casing pipes are used, which are suitable for a well or water supply. A steel strip is welded to the pipe, and a neutral wire. If such metal materials are not at hand, then grounding can be done using several steel rods with a diameter of at least 12 mm. Corners with a wall thickness of at least 4 mm are also suitable. They must be buried in the ground until the ground freezes.

It is better to choose galvanized or copper-plated rods, then they will not corrode. The rods are welded onto a corner made of strip steel, which has a hole into which a copper conductor with a cross-section of 2.5 square meters is attached. mm. There are two types of external wiring: open and closed. In any case, it is equipped so as to be inaccessible to touch. Even if the wires are insulated but remain exposed to touch, they are considered bare or uninsulated. Wires are laid in pipes along the walls of the house

or on insulators.

If the cable runs under a canopy, where moisture is prevented, it is run on special rollers.

The wires must be at least 2.75 m from the ground. If external wires are laid in metal flexible hoses or pipes, this must be done with a seal with a cable harness or asbestos cord. It is strictly prohibited to lay wires in the ground outside the building in steel pipes. To avoid damaging the wires in winter, when snow may be thrown onto them from the roofs, it is better to place them in a vertical plane rather than a horizontal one, taking into account a distance of 0.2 m from the protruding part of the house to the wires.

If there are drainpipes on the way to the house, the cable is laid in a steel casing or hidden in a groove made in the wall. On summer cottage It is especially important to avoid contact of wires with trees.

Constructions that have become widespread are used for entry into the building. These are hooks with insulators at the ends. If the walls of the house are made of logs, then such devices will fit into the tree without difficulty.

Porcelain funnels are installed in such a way that they are located on the same axis and are spaced 10 cm apart from each other in wooden buildings and 5 cm in brick ones.

If the house is brick, special brackets with hooks are used. They are fixed on a cement mortar filled with crushed stone.

For low-rise buildings, a design consisting of a pipe and a bracket on which hooks are attached is applicable - the so-called pipe stand. It is based on a water and gas pipe with a diameter of 20 mm for one wire, and 32 mm for two. When using this design, the height from the bottom of the pipe stand to the ground is 2 m. It is attached in such a way that the distance to the roof is at least a meter. The pipe stand is fixed to the wall using clamps and screws, and on the roof - guy wires made of steel wire.

This structure is introduced into the building through the wall

Precipitation can be prevented from getting into the pipe stand by bending the top edge 180° down. A steel corner, 50 cm long, is welded onto this edge. Then two pins are welded onto this corner, where the insulators will be attached.

When introducing electricity, a grounding is made on the metal pipe stand. The pipe is connected to the zero core. To do this, a bolt is welded to the pipe stand near the input insulators. The edges of the pipe are cleaned with a file so that there are no burrs left on it, which cause damage to the wire. The inside of the pipe is coated with anti-corrosion paint.

Steel wire is placed in the pipe stand so that the wires can be pulled inside it. After pulling, the ends of the pipe are filled with bitumen. The pipe itself is filled with Portland cement moisture-resistant putty.

Entering the pipe stand through the wall is considered more convenient. When installing the pipe stand, make sure that its lower end has a slope of 5° outward. It is necessary to make a small hole with a diameter of 5 mm to allow moisture to escape. A porcelain sleeve is placed on the end of the inner side of the pipe. If the height of the building is insufficient to enter electricity, you can use a pipe stand with input through the roof.

Hello again. In this article I will talk about how to connect newly built housing to the electrical network ( private house).

Building your own home is only half the battle. Among other things, it is also necessary to provide him with everything that is required for a normal life. After all, no building is considered complete if there is no water, light and heat. It is for this purpose that all kinds of engineering communications are laid during construction.

However, they will begin their full-fledged work only after connecting to external highways (autonomous systems are a topic for a separate article). This is where the most unpleasant things begin.

This is mainly due to the fact that most of us are not aware of where to apply and where what documents are required.

As for the timing and cost of completing work, the concepts are generally vague. If you don't know what regulations the organization and conduct of this type of event is regulated, then you will depend on the mood of the officials needed for this.

In order not to get involved in this game, which only a specialist of the required profile can understand, I will explain the main points that are necessary for each of the consumers in order to connect their own home to the power supply network.

All this is regulated by Rules No. 861 (they have a very long name, so we’ll just call them “Rules”). They were approved by our government on December 27, 2007. These rules describe in sufficient detail the technology that must be followed when connecting private housing to the power supply.

Now directly about the necessary minimum knowledge in this direction.

The organization responsible for the energy supply is obliged to conclude an agreement with the owner of the home for the supply of electricity. Here it is important to know one more thing: it does not matter whether she has or does not have this opportunity to at the moment. True, there is a nuance here: this applies if the declared power of the consumer does not exceed the 15-kilowatt threshold.

True, in the case where the straight line distance between the boundary of the site (substation, switchgear, etc.) is no more than 300 meters for the city and 0.5 km for the village, it is possible to increase the threshold to 20 kilowatts.

You need to contact an organization that directly supplies electricity in a given area. You can find out what kind of organization this is from the local administration, or from those who recently connected to the power supply. It also happens that the building is located on the border of the supply zones of a couple of different electricity supply organizations. In this case, the connection is made by the organization whose points the building is closest to.

Documentation

An application must be submitted (it must be done in writing). It indicates your full name and passport details (you can enter them from another document that can prove your identity (for example, from a driver’s license), but this must be agreed with the organization). Location of the connection object (its address).

There is also a list of all devices with their total power (in kilowatts), completion dates design work and the approximate date of commissioning (but this must be clarified in advance with organizations involved in design and installation).

To all this, the following photocopies must be attached: passport (or other document specified in the application), certificate granting ownership of the house, Taxpayer Identification Number, list of all connected devices and units indicating their power, load calculation. In addition, you must attach a site plan that indicates the location of all objects. Based on the application, the organization issues technical specifications for the development of the project. Technical specifications must be issued no later than one month from the date of application.

The building must be connected to electricity no later than six months after the contract is concluded.

How to carry out internal installation?

Cables are chosen as follows:

• for an input whose length is 25 m or more (such an input is considered a section of an overhead line), you need to take a copper wire of 10 “square”, or aluminum wire of 16 “square” (no less);
• for input whose length is up to 25 m: copper from 4 “square”, aluminum from 10 “square”;
• To perform the input itself (over the air), three options are used: cables of the VVG and AVVG brands and a self-supporting wire of the SIP brand.

Internal installation is carried out in two ways (both relate to laying open wiring):

1. Laying wiring along the wall on insulating rollers ( old way, used quite rarely).
2. Laying wires using cable ducts (a very aesthetic and modern method).

For internal wiring, wire of the following sections is used: from 1.5 “square” for lighting and from 2.5 “square” for sockets (copper).

Write comments, additions to the article, maybe I missed something. Take a look at, I will be glad if you find something else useful on my site. All the best.

When constructing or operating a private house (dacha), we are faced with the need to provide it with electricity. Today, the initial connection to the power grid requires the collection of necessary documents and permits.

Initially, you should fill out the Technical Specifications (abbreviated as TU); for this paper, contact the electrical network organization at your place of residence, or more precisely, the Customer Service Center. You should have with you:

• passport, its photocopy with registration page;
• certificate for the land, its copy or certificate for the house and its copy;
• plan land plot(you can draw it yourself).

Having these documents, you write an application on the spot (2 copies, one of which must be kept with the signature of the person who accepted your application) according to the form proposed by the network organization, which is required by law to conclude an agreement with you.

After 30 days, the organization must issue technical specifications. If this does not happen, you can complain to the company.

CONNECTING ELECTRICITY TO THE HOUSE

Read the documents received carefully; sometimes they may contain excessive requirements in the form of connecting electricity up to 15 kW or completing a power supply project. Only after this can the contract be signed.

• Follow the specifications specified in the contract.
• Registration permitting documentation. You need to obtain the following documents:

1. Commissioning report or inspection report of the metering device. To get it, contact an electricity metering specialist who will install a seal on the meter.
2. Act of demarcation balance sheet and about operational responsibility. Issued by the chief engineer of the Distribution Zone. It contains a connection diagram and also specifies who is responsible for what.
3. Certificate of fulfillment by the applicant of the necessary technical specifications. Issued by the electrical network organization, it contains confirmation that your living space/site is ready to connect to electricity.
4. Inspection report or certificate of approval of the electrical installation for operation. It is also issued by the RES only if the above documents are available.
5. Agreement for the use of electrical energy by the applicant. Usually located in an energy sales organization.
6. After receiving the contract, you should contact the RES for direct connection electrical energy to your home. Now you should familiarize yourself with the rules for operating consumer electrical installations and the rules for timely payment for electricity.
7. Under some conditions, it is also possible to require an opinion from the State Fire Inspectorate on the safety of buildings.

It should be noted that each region has different requirements, so the number of papers may vary up or down.

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