Luzhkov warned about the main difficulty in demolishing the Khrushchev buildings. Luzhkov spoke about his experience of demolishing five-story buildings without protests. Luzhkov's law on the demolition of Khrushchev buildings

On June 6, the Moscow City Hall widely circulated a statement by Sergei Sobyanin, in which he argued the advantages of new program housing renovation by criticizing the program of his predecessor Yuri Luzhkov. A number of claims put forward by the current mayor of the capital surprised experts, who considered the statement itself contradictory: “As a result, the new renovation program will be significantly better than the program that has been implemented in the last 20 years. Actually, they didn’t come up with anything new. We took the current program.”

Former Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhkov expressed his opinion about the comments of the current government towards the past government.

- Sergei Sobyanin voiced a number of theses describing the shortcomings of your resettlement program, indicating that his new program will finally solve them. In particular, he indicated that “Muscovites had no preferences,” “they were not interested in their opinion,” and they “had no options for exit.”

If his words are like that, then I must tell the whole truth. We have resettled more than 160 thousand families, guided by one single goal - to improve living conditions Muscovites. All aspects of respecting the interests of citizens, and not builders and other structures involved in the process, were taken into account. The most obvious evidence of this is the fact that during the implementation of the program - since 1999 - there have been no mass public protests. The opinion of Muscovites was taken into account, written consent was obtained from each owner, from each family before the relocation and demolition of the building took place. And we were not guided by the number of floors - there are many five-story buildings in Moscow, which, due to their characteristics - comfort, living space, state of communications, materials - will serve people for many years to come. It would never even occur to us to demolish them. We were guided by the real needs of people forced to live in old, often dangerous houses.

- Sergei Sobyanin also says that, for example, people had no guarantees of relocation to the same area of ​​the city. Is that so?

The program has always been implemented with an obvious advantage for people - this was the novelty of housing, and its quality, and an increase in square footage, for example, for large families, and the preservation of geography - many veterans always live in the old building, many pensioners, for whom preserving the area of ​​​​residence is very important . All this was taken into account. The resettlement itself was carried out in waves - that is, the first new home, built in the area, was used to resettle the first wave of residents of five-story buildings. Apartments in subsequent buildings, which were built on the site of those resettled, were distributed in proportions that made it possible to relocate residents as quickly as possible, and for builders to work, although without excess profits, but not at a loss. We made the work easier and faster - the city took upon itself the resolution of issues related to engineering networks, construction of social infrastructure facilities: schools, kindergartens, clinics.

- Speaking of the social component: please comment on the thesis about the lack of social guarantees and support when moving.

Please: the authorities helped everyone who reasonably needed support with the transportation of furniture. In a number of cases, especially for veterans, they also helped with the purchase of a basic set of new furniture. At no stage of the implementation of this most powerful program, we did not forget about the needs of Muscovites. There can be no talk of any chaotic or undeveloped process on the part of the previous mayor's office. Such a grandiose resettlement of Muscovites was carried out in an organized manner and taking into account their interests. It is very strange for me to hear this criticism of a program whose implementation since 1999 has never led to such serious tension and hostility among Muscovites, while the new program caused a powerful wave of indignation even at the document stage. And most importantly: to justify the advantages of current projects, real arguments must be given, and not the mantra that has become sore over 7 years, “but it was worse before.” The reaction of Muscovites themselves is a real assessment of how well the programs implemented by the city leadership correspond to their interests.

Yuri Luzhkov during the demolition of a five-story residential building on Usievich Street in Moscow. 2003 Photo by: Vitaly Belousov / TASS

Former mayor of Moscow Yuri Luzhkov During a lecture in London, he spoke about his experience of demolishing five-story buildings in Moscow. According to him, there were no protests on this issue in his presence. Giving a lecture in Pushkin House in London, he expressed his opinion on the discussion on the demolition of five-story buildings in Moscow, reports Russian Gap. According to Yuri Luzhkov, during his work as mayor of the capital, 12 million square meters were demolished in the city. meters of five-story buildings out of 20 million and there was not a single protest.

The ex-mayor explained this by saying that the authorities managed to take over the entire social sphere and interest builders. “We told the builders: “Demolish the five-story buildings and resettle the families in the same place.” Apartment for apartment in the same place, without any additional payments, because poor people live there. And no one had any objections,” Luzhkov said.

The former mayor also noted that the current scandals surrounding the demolition of houses are explained by the fact that people need to be resettled, and usually we are talking about the elderly. “They are used to their area, even if it is a bad area, but they are used to living there,” Luzhkov said. He believes that now people trust the authorities less, “because the authorities have already deceived them many times.”

During the lecture former mayor Moscow “for political reasons” refused to evaluate the current mayor Sergei Sobyanin, however, he stated that he “does not understand the “strategic line for laying tiles”, the narrowing of the road with an increase in the number of personal vehicles. “Although from the point of view of receiving orders and some kind of benefit, this is a real Klondike,” Yuri Luzhkov emphasized.

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23:45 — REGNUM On June 6, the Moscow City Hall widely circulated a statement by Sergei Sobyanin, in which in the State Duma he argued the advantages of the new housing renovation program by criticizing the program of his predecessor Yuri Luzhkov. A number of claims put forward by the current mayor of the capital surprised experts, who considered the statement itself contradictory: “As a result, the new renovation program will be significantly better than the program that has been implemented in the last 20 years. Actually, they didn’t come up with anything new. We took the current program.”

Former Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhkov expressed his opinion about the comments of the current government towards the past government.

— Sergei Sobyanin voiced a number of theses describing the shortcomings of your resettlement program, indicating that his new program will finally solve them. In particular, he indicated that “Muscovites had no preferences,” “they were not interested in their opinion,” and they “had no options for exit.”

“If his words are like that, then I must tell the whole truth.” We resettled more than 160 thousand families, guided by one single goal - to improve the living conditions of Muscovites. All aspects of respecting the interests of citizens, and not builders and other structures involved in the process, were taken into account. The most obvious evidence of this is the fact that during the implementation of the program - since 1999 - there have been no mass public protests. The opinion of Muscovites was taken into account, written consent was obtained from each owner, from each family before the relocation and demolition of the building took place. And we were not at all guided by the number of floors - there are many five-story buildings in Moscow, which, due to their characteristics - comfort, living space, state of communications, materials - will serve people for many years to come. It would never even occur to us to demolish them. We were guided by the real needs of people forced to live in old, often dangerous houses.

— Sergei Sobyanin also says that, for example, people had no guarantees of relocation to the same area of ​​the city. Is that so?

- The program has always been implemented with an obvious advantage for people - this was the novelty of housing, and its quality, and an increase in square footage, for example, for large families, and the preservation of geography - many veterans always live in the old building, many pensioners, for whom the preservation of the area of ​​​​residence is very important important. All this was taken into account. The resettlement itself was carried out in waves - that is, the very first new house built in the area was used to resettle the first wave of residents of five-story buildings. Apartments in subsequent buildings, which were built on the site of those resettled, were distributed in proportions that made it possible to relocate residents as quickly as possible, and for builders to work, although without excess profits, but not at a loss. We facilitated and accelerated the work - the city took upon itself the resolution of issues related to utility networks and the construction of social infrastructure facilities: schools, kindergartens, clinics.

— Speaking of the social component: please comment on the thesis about the absence social guarantees and relocation support.

— Please: the authorities helped everyone who reasonably needed support with the transportation of furniture. In a number of cases, especially for veterans, they also helped with the purchase of a basic set of new furniture. At no stage of the implementation of this most powerful program, we did not forget about the needs of Muscovites. There can be no talk of any chaotic or undeveloped process on the part of the previous mayor's office. Such a grandiose resettlement of Muscovites was carried out in an organized manner and taking into account their interests. It is very strange for me to hear this criticism of a program whose implementation since 1999 has never led to such serious tension and hostility among Muscovites, while the new program caused a powerful wave of indignation even at the document stage. And most importantly: to justify the advantages of current projects, real arguments must be given, and not the mantra that has become sore over 7 years, “but it was worse before.” The reaction of Muscovites themselves is a real assessment of how well the programs implemented by the city leadership correspond to their interests.

June 6 on stage State Duma Russia hosted a spectacular performance dedicated to the renovation program. Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin performed the solo, secondary roles were played by invited residents of demolished houses, and the corps of deputies performed in chorus as usual.

Hasty evolution

The theme of the performance was the upcoming adoption of the bill in the second reading. A huge number of amendments were made to the original text of the document, somewhat improving the situation of those resettled. This is an admission that the renovation in the gopnik style of “Hey, let me smoke! What if I find it? (a summary of the version of the document adopted in the first reading) still did not pass. It was decided to arrange the seizure of material assets beautifully. Evolution from gop-stop to thimbles, if you like.

“The document guarantees that residents of demolished houses will be provided with a larger apartment with finishing,” said Sergei Sobyanin, and this is a very important point, but there are no such guarantees in the text of the bill. He also stated that “57% of apartment owners and tenants have already voted on the renovation program on the Active Citizen website and in the MFC” - it’s a pity, these words of the mayor cannot be verified in any way, like any data from Active Citizen in general.

Like any person who understands that he is wrong, Sobyanin wriggled and contradicted himself. One of the invited participants complained about “coercion to vote,” to which the mayor declared that the voting was illegal, because the renovation law had not yet been adopted. But he also reported that “two hundred old houses decided to participate in the program.” One got the feeling that the Moscow mayor himself was not at all happy that he got involved in all this; he might have given it reverse, but the order for renovation was given at a much higher level.

The director, however, did not appear at the performance. Perhaps he will talk about his plan on Direct Line on June 15.

Comparison of two renovations

In the outgoing spring of 2017, there was no more discussed issue in Moscow than the “renovation” of the housing stock, in other words, the project of demolishing low-rise apartment buildings (“five-story buildings”) and constructing huge buildings in their place.

Meanwhile, there is nothing new in the demolition of five-story buildings in itself: they have now forgotten that during work Yuri Luzhkov as mayor of the capital, the city lost 12 million out of 20 million square meters in five-story buildings (1,772 houses were demolished, about 160 thousand families moved). And in the same way, the vacated space was built up with 14-17-story buildings. Why did Muscovites approve of Luzhkov’s “renovation” (in quotes, because such a word did not exist in those years), but go to rallies against Sobyanin’s?

Quality of houses

Eighteen years have passed since Luzhkov’s demolition began: forty-year-old houses have become almost one and a half times older. And yet, the buildings demolished at the turn of the century were already unsuitable for housing at that time, so most residents willingly left them. This is explained by the competent choice of “demolished series”.

Houses are included in Sobyanin’s renovation based on the principle of number of floors, not wear. In one set, both “Khrushchev” and “Stalin” buildings, and pre-revolutionary buildings are being demolished. Muscovites have the feeling that the task is not to improve the city, but to build more apartments. Many demolished houses are of high quality, which is not always the case with new buildings.

The first round is for Luzhkov.

Social sphere

The Luzhkov renovation certainly increased the load on social institutions, but at the same time as houses, schools and clinics were built - it was during the replacement of five-story buildings with tall buildings that the “second shift” disappeared in the capital’s schools. But with parking, everything became very bad: the designers hoped for a “people's garage” program, which failed with a deafening crash.

The draft of the current infrastructure law is extremely vague. The experience of modern city development shows that if parking is still somehow taken into account, then developers prefer to ignore the rest of the infrastructure if possible. However, it seems that the city authorities will make efforts to solve this problem.

The second round is equal.

Predictability

Under Yuri Luzhkov, a series of demolished houses were initially announced: anyone could find out whether their house was subject to demolition and approximately how long this demolition was scheduled for. Sometimes the decision was made individually for one or another house.

Modern Moscow authorities are unpredictable: there is a first list of buildings, but it is known that others will follow. It is impossible to guess who will get there and when work will begin. Instead of an individual approach, the concept of “renovation zones” has been introduced, in which everything will be completely demolished.

The third round is for Luzhkov.

Respect for the law

Now it is difficult to say how Luzhkov’s forced expropriation of housing correlated with the legislation of that time. There have been few lawsuits over this issue; in addition, Yuri Mikhailovich wrote city laws for himself and, as a rule, won all court cases in his patrimony.

On at the moment Sobyanin’s renovation system is simply unconstitutional: it is planned that citizens will rent out their housing to the “Fund for Assistance to the Renovation of Housing Stock in Moscow”, and in exchange they will receive a piece of paper - an obligation to receive equivalent compensation. Meanwhile, Article 35 of the Constitution states that “the forced alienation of property for state needs can only be carried out under the condition preliminary and equivalent compensation." Most likely, this is a technical mistake that lawyers will pay attention to, but the very fact of such an error speaks volumes. The bill also contains other discrepancies with the legislation, mainly with the Housing Code.

The fourth round is equal.

Discussion of the fact of demolition

The Luzhkov City Hall was not interested in the opinion of residents of the houses being demolished.

The Sobyanin City Hall organizes voting through the Internet service “Active Citizen”, however, firstly, the percentage of abstentions, in proportion to the total number, of those who voted “for” or “against” are counted as consonants. And secondly, counting votes in “Active Citizen,” as observers have repeatedly pointed out, absolutely always gives favorable results to the mayor’s office.

The fifth round is for Sobyanin.

Quality of reimbursement

Under Luzhkov, the owners of demolished housing received apartments of at least the same area: given that these were new houses, the cost of new square meters turned out to be significantly higher than the old ones.

Under Sobyanin main principle– cadastral value of housing, and it is determined by the interested party – the city. That is, people may well get an apartment with less square footage: after all, it is in a new building, which means it’s more expensive. Moreover, the authorities have already begun to reduce the cadastral value of old apartments.

The sixth round is for Luzhkov, with a knockdown.

Options for those relocating

“Luzhkovsky” migrants received on average three different offers: usually in the same area where they lived before. In case of reasoned disagreement of the owner, most often the parties continued to seek a compromise.

“Sobyanin’s” displaced persons will be faced with the fact of eviction into housing selected for them, without options. Thank you, the deadline for the second reading has been increased from 60 to 90 days.

The seventh round turns out to be the last: Luzhkov’s renovation sends Sobyanin’s into a deep knockout. Only invaders can treat residents this way. Which is what the majority of the representatives of Sobyanin’s mayor’s office are - people who are not biographically connected with Moscow in any way, and who consider our ancient capital to be a kind of field for their business experiments, with more than dubious benefits for Muscovites.

Former Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov believes the right decision Moscow administration to demolish the Khrushchev buildings. However, five-story brick buildings should not be demolished, he said in an interview Republic .

"Why touch something that will work for centuries? There is comfortable housing there. There is no need to fight some fetishes, we need to fight bad housing. It is impossible to live in a normal, civilized way today in five-story buildings that were built during the time of Khrushchev. They are the ones we need to fight against. But putting everything right under one bulldozer, including very comfortable brick five-story buildings, is savagery, this is a bad thing,” said the ex-mayor.

As Luzhkov recalled, the program to demolish Khrushchev-era buildings began under him, in 1999, and involved the demolition of about 1,700 of the most dilapidated houses. After Sergei Sobyanin took the place of mayor, the project was suspended. “It was believed that the previous government acted incorrectly. The general attitude was to stop everything that happened under Luzhkov,” the former mayor noted. Now just over 70 five-story buildings remain of this volume.

Luzhkov stressed that he is very happy about the resumption of the project. However, Sobyanin’s team, with such a scale, will inevitably encounter difficulties in terms of financing and “lack of experience,” he added.

At the same time, according to him personal experience, the hardest thing to do when demolishing old houses is to relocate the elderly. According to Luzhkov, his administration found a solution here that allowed all those displaced from the five-story buildings to remain in the place where they were used to living.

“The builders are allocated an array of five-story buildings to work on and a free site on which they first had to build housing for relocation. This first housing was, of course, much larger than one five-story building. And we, thus, were able to do the following - and a five-story building relocate, and leave some of the new apartments to the builders so that their pants don’t fall off,” Luzhkov said.

Let us note that the Ministry of Construction is now proposing resettlement, emphasizing that the resettlement of residents should be quarterly, and not point-by-point.

As reported, on February 21, Russian President Vladimir Putin, at a meeting with Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin, said that the demolition of “Khrushchev” buildings instead of their overhaul. Sobyanin agreed, noting that “Moscow’s budget is quite stable” and the capital has the necessary financial possibilities for the implementation of this project.

On Monday, March 6, it turned out that the new program for the resettlement of dilapidated housing in Moscow may include those located within the same block with the demolished five-story buildings.

Experts estimate the cost of completing the demolition of Khrushchev-era buildings and relocating 1 million 600 thousand people from them at approximately 2.5-4 trillion rubles. It is expected that the old buildings will be demolished and five times more housing will be built in their place.

Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin has already ordered the preparation of sites for a new program for the demolition of five-story buildings. However, the final parameters of the program have not yet been determined. The blocks that will be reconstructed first are planned to be selected by September 2017.