The meaning of Helmont Jan Baptist Van in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, BSE. Jan Baptist van Helmont - biography In what historical era did van Helmont live

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GELMONT JAN BAPTIST VAN

Helmont Jan Baptist van (Jan. 1579, Brussels, - 12/30/1644, Vilvoorde, near Brussels), Dutch naturalist, one of the representatives of iatrochemistry. In botany, G. was the first to conduct experimental studies of the process of plant nutrition, which became the basis for the so-called. water theory of plant nutrition. Despite the fallacy, this theory, which viewed plant life as a process occurring only under the influence of material forces, dealt a blow to the religious-idealistic worldview. G. believed that gastric acid plays a decisive role in digestion, and therefore proposed treating diseases caused by excess acids in the stomach with alkalis. He introduced the term "gas" into chemistry. In a number of issues, he took the position of alchemy, believing, for example, that it was possible to transform base metals (mercury, lead, etc.) into gold using the so-called. philosopher's stone. He recognized spontaneous generation, which was progressive for that time. G. adhered to vitalistic ideas that life processes were supposedly regulated by special “spirits of life” (“archaea”).

Works: Ortus medicinae, ed. nova, Amst., 1652.

Lit.: Menshutkin B.N., Chemistry and ways of its development, M. - L., 1937; Spiess G. A., J. B. van Helmont's System der Medizin-, Fr. / M., 1840.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB. 2012

Family, study, travel

Jan Baptista van Helmont was youngest child in the southern Dutch family of the prosecutor and member of the Council of Brussels Christian van Helmont and Maria (van) Stassart, who were married on January 28, 1567 in the Brussels Cathedral of Saints Michael and Gudula (eng. St. Michael and St. Gudula Cathedral ). Besides him, the family has two sons and two daughters.

Jan Baptista is educated at the University of Leuven, but cannot decide what science to pursue until he decides on medicine.

Research

Having settled in Vilvoorde, van Helmont took up chemistry and the study of cabalistic and mystical works. He made many discoveries in chemistry and introduced the term “gas” into chemical terminology, which he named by analogy with the Greek chaos; by chemical means he sought to find a cure for all diseases; In general, he considered chemical processes to be the beginning of many phenomena. Refuting Aristotle, Galen and modern medical science, he created his own theory to explain phenomena in a living organism. He allowed two immaterial principles in man: 1) Archeus- the vital principle that penetrates the entire body, controls nutrition, digestion of food and resists diseases; 2) Duumvirat- the rational principle, or the soul itself, which takes place not in the brain, but in the stomach and liver. He called himself Medicus per ignem, pointing to the source from which he wanted to draw his universal medicine.

Van Helmont's experience is known when he took 200 pounds of dry soil and a willow branch weighing 5 pounds, and grew it, watering it only with rainwater. The weight of the willow after 5 years was 164 pounds, and the weight of the earth had decreased by only 2 ounces. Van Helmont erroneously concluded that the material from which the tree was formed came from water used for irrigation.

Study of digestion

Van Helmont paid a lot of attention to issues of digestion. In his Ortus Medicinae he argues with his contemporary views, according to which digestion occurs due to the heat of the body and asks how then does digestion occur in cold-blooded animals? His own opinion was that digestion is a chemical reaction taking place inside the body, for example, inside the stomach, in which the most important role is played by a chemical reagent, which he called “enzyme” (from lat. fermentum"fermentation"). Thus, van Helmont came close to the modern understanding of the role of enzymes in digestion. Van Helmont also proposed and described six different stages of digestion.

Van Helmont or Hooke?

For a long time it was believed that the portrait, published on July 3, 1939 in Time magazine, belongs to the English naturalist Robert Hooke (- years). Lisa Jardine en even put him on the cover of her book about Hooke. However, later researchers came to the conclusion that the portrait depicts van Helmont.

From the writings of van Helmont

Alphabeti vere Naturalis Hebraici brevissima Delineato (" Brief description true natural alphabet of the Jews"), 1667

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The door opened. And a tall, fragile girl entered it, carefully looking around... Horror and joy shackled me for a second, not allowing me to move... It was my daughter, my little Anna!!!.. True, it was already difficult to call her little now , because over these two years she has grown a lot and matured, becoming even more beautiful and even cuter...
My heart rushed to her with a scream, almost flying out of my chest!.. But there was no hurry. I didn’t know what the unpredictable Caraffa was up to this time. Therefore, I had to remain very calm, which was almost beyond my human strength. And only the fear of making an irreparable mistake held back my raging emotions that were rushing out like a hurricane. Happiness, horror, wild joy and fear of loss simultaneously tore me apart!.. Caraffa smiled contentedly at the effect produced... which immediately made me shudder inside. I didn’t even dare to think what could follow next... And I knew that if something terrible happened, the desire to protect Anna might be too strong to resist Karaffa... and I was panicky afraid that I wouldn’t be able to refuse him so that he didn't ask for it.
But, to my greatest surprise, his “surprise” turned out to be a real surprise!..
– Are you glad to see your daughter, Madonna Isidora? – Karaffa asked, smiling widely.
“It all depends on what comes next, Your Holiness...” I answered carefully. – But, of course, I’m incredibly happy!
“Well, enjoy the meeting, I’ll pick her up in an hour.” Nobody will bother you. And then I'll go get her. She'll go to a monastery - I think it's best place for such a gifted girl as your daughter is.
– Monastery?!! But she was never a believer, Your Holiness, she hereditary Witch, and nothing in the world will force her to be different. This is who she is and she can never change. Even if you destroy her, she will still remain a Witch! Just like me and my mother. You can't make her a believer!
“What a child you are, Madonna Isidora!” Caraffa laughed sincerely. “No one is going to make her a “believer.” I think she can serve our holy church very well by being exactly who she is. And perhaps even more. I have far-reaching plans for your daughter...
– What do you mean, Your Holiness? And what does this have to do with the monastery? – I whispered with frozen lips.
I was shaking. All this didn’t fit in my head, and I didn’t understand anything yet, I just felt that Caraffa was telling the truth. Only one thing scared me half to death - what kind of “far-reaching” plans could this terrible man have for my poor girl?!..
– Calm down, Isidora, and stop expecting something terrible from me all the time! You provoke fate, you know... The fact is that the monastery I’m talking about is very difficult... And outside its walls, almost not a single soul knows about it. This is a monastery exclusively for Sorcerers and Witches. And it has stood for thousands of years. I've been there several times. I studied there... But, unfortunately, I didn’t find what I was looking for. They rejected me... - Caraffa thought for a moment and, to my surprise, suddenly became very sad. “But I’m sure they’ll like Anna.” And I’m also sure that they will have something to teach your talented daughter, Isidora.
– Are you talking about Meteora*, Your Holiness? – Knowing the answer in advance, I still asked.
Caraffa's eyebrows crawled up his forehead in surprise. Apparently he didn’t expect that I had heard about it...
– Do you know them? Have you been there?!..
– No, my father was there, Your Holiness. But he later taught me a lot (later I wildly regretted telling him this...). What do you want to teach my daughter there, Holiness?! And why?.. After all, in order to declare her a Witch, you already have enough evidence. Anyway, later you will try to burn her like everyone else, right?!..
Karaffa smiled again...
– Why did you cling to this stupid idea, Madonna? I have no intention of causing any harm to your sweet daughter! She can still serve us wonderfully! For a very long time I was looking for the Sage, who is still just a child, to teach her everything that the “monks” in Meteora know. And so that she would then help me in search of sorcerers and witches, such as she herself once was. Only then will she be a witch from God.
Caraffa didn’t seem crazy, he WAS one... Otherwise it was impossible to accept what he was saying now! This was not normal, and therefore scared me even more.
– Forgive me if I misunderstood something, Your Holiness... But how can there be Witches from God?!..
- Well, of course, Isidora! – Caraffa laughed, sincerely amazed at my “ignorance”. – If she uses her knowledge and skill in the name of the church, it will come to her from God, since she will create in His name! Don't you understand this?..
No, I didn’t understand!.. And this was said by a man with a completely sick imagination, who, moreover, sincerely believed in what he was talking about!.. He was incredibly dangerous in his madness and, moreover, had unlimited power. His fanaticism crossed all boundaries, and someone had to stop him.
“If you know how to force us to serve the church, then why are you burning us?!..” I ventured to ask. – After all, what we possess cannot be purchased for any money. Why don't you appreciate this? Why do you continue to destroy us? If you wanted to learn something, why not ask to teach you?..

Jan Baptista van Helmont(also called: Jan Baptist van Helmont, Jean Baptiste van Helmont, Jean Baptiste van Helmont; Netherlands Jan Baptista van Helmont Jan Baptist van Helmont; January 12, 1580, Brussels - December 30, 1644, Vilvoorde, Southern Netherlands) - chemist, physiologist, physician and theosophist-mystic.

Family, study, travel

Jan Baptista van Helmont was the youngest child in the southern Dutch family of the prosecutor and member of the Council of Brussels Christian van Helmont and Maria (van) Stassart, who were married on January 28, 1567 in the Brussels Cathedral of Saints Michael and Gudula (English: St. Michael and St. Gudula Cathedral). Besides him, the family has two sons and two daughters.

Jan Baptista is educated at the University of Leuven, but cannot decide what science to pursue until he settles on medicine.

Then he interrupts his studies and goes to travel around Switzerland, Italy, France and England. Returning from a trip, he lived in Antwerp for some time, including in 1605, during the plague epidemic. In 1609 he received his doctorate in medicine. The same year he married Margaret van Ranst from a wealthy “noble” family. The couple live in Vilvoorde, near Brussels, and have six or seven children in their family. His son, Francis Mercury (1614-1699), also found the philosopher's stone, and has merits in teaching the deaf and dumb and in the physiology of language.

Research

Having settled in Vilvoorde, van Helmont took up chemistry and the study of cabalistic and mystical works. He made many discoveries in chemistry, introduced the term “gas” into chemical terminology, which he named by analogy with the Greek chaos; by chemical means he sought to find a cure for all diseases; In general, he considered chemical processes to be the beginning of many phenomena. Refuting Aristotle, Galen and modern medical science, he created his own theory to explain phenomena in a living organism. He allowed two immaterial principles in man: 1) Archeus - a vital principle that penetrates the entire body, controls nutrition, digestion of food and resists diseases; 2) Duumvirat - the rational principle, or the soul itself, which takes place not in the brain, but in the stomach and liver. He called himself Medicus per ignem, pointing to the source from which he wanted to draw his universal medicine.

Van Helmont's experience is known when he took 200 pounds of dry soil and a willow branch weighing 5 pounds, and grew it, watering it only with rainwater. The weight of the willow after 5 years was 164 pounds, and the weight of the soil had decreased by only 2 ounces. Van Helmont erroneously concluded that the material from which the tree was formed came from water used for irrigation.

Van Helmont, along with Paracelsus and Silvius, is the most prominent representative of the “iatrochemists”.

Study of digestion

Van Helmont paid a lot of attention to issues of digestion. In his Ortus Medicinae, he argues with contemporary views, according to which digestion occurs due to the heat of the body, and asks how then does digestion occur in cold-blooded animals? His own opinion was that digestion is going inside the body, for example, inside the stomach, chemical reactions, in which the most important role is played by a chemical reagent, which he called “enzyme” (from the Latin fermentum “fermentation”). Thus, van Helmont came close to the modern understanding of the role of enzymes in digestion. Van Helmont also proposed and described six different stages of digestion.

Van Helmont or Hooke?

For a long time it was believed that the portrait, published on July 3, 1939 in Time magazine, belongs to the English naturalist Robert Hooke (1635-1703). Lisa Jardine even put him on the cover of her book about Hooke. However, later researchers came to the conclusion that the portrait depicts van Helmont.

From the writings of van Helmont

"Ortus Medicinae", 1648 (Origin of Medicine)
Alphabeti vere Naturalis Hebraici brevissima Delineato ("A Brief Description of the True Natural Alphabet of the Jews"), 1667

The meaning of Helmont Jan Baptist Van in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, BSE. Jan Baptist van Helmont - biography In what historical era did van Helmont live

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is HELMONT JAN BAPTIST VAN in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

Family, study, travel

Research

Study of digestion

Van Helmont or Hooke?

From the writings of van Helmont

Write a review of the article "Helmont, Jan Baptista van"

Notes

Excerpt characterizing Helmont, Jan Baptista van

Family, study, travel

Research

Study of digestion

Van Helmont or Hooke?

From the writings of van Helmont