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Planting Chinese cabbage in July. Beijing cabbage: planting, growing and caring in open ground

Cabbage is a vegetable that can be used to make a lot of excellent salads. However, it is not only famous for its amazing taste, but also provides the body with useful substances and vitamins. Today there is a huge number different varieties vegetables, they are all simply rich in vitamins and differ from each other appearance. One of the most beneficial for the body is Chinese cabbage, which recent years is becoming more and more popular among chefs all over the world.

Chinese cabbage is a biennial plant that is grown as an annual. Depending on the variety, it has leaves of light yellow or bright green color. This plant is a loose head of cabbage with juicy, tender leaves that have a white vein. The edges of the leaves have a beautiful wavy or jagged shape.

The peculiarity of the variety is that it does not have a stalk. The cabbage plant is thrown into soup or pickled, and the leaves are used mainly for making salads. Asia is famous for pickled Chinese cabbage. They call this dish kimchi and many believe that it prolongs life.

How does Chinese cabbage grow?

Features and history of origin of the vegetable

Chinese cabbage appeared in China several thousand years ago, then it came to Korea and Japan, and over time it spread to Asian countries. After some time, this vegetable became popular in Europe, as well as in our country.

Why is Beijing becoming more and more popular? This plant is a source useful substances and vitamins. The main advantage of the variety is that even in winter it does not lose its vitamins and benefits the body.

The most important beneficial substances that are included in its composition include:

protein;
mineral salts;
vitamins C, A, K, PP, as well as a group of vitamins B;
amino acids;
organic acids.

In addition, the “Beijing” also has medicinal properties. She helps:

for cardiovascular diseases;
stomach ulcer;
strengthens the immune system;
prolongs human life.

A very interesting fact is that this vegetable contains lysine, which helps cleanse the blood and destroy foreign proteins.

Chinese cabbage kimchi

The right way to plant Chinese cabbage at home

What gardener doesn’t dream of pleasing himself and others with new achievements and growing Chinese cabbage at home. To grow this plant from seeds, you can plant them directly in open ground, or you can first grow seedlings. Planting Chinese cabbage at home, both in Belarus and the Moscow region, as well as in the Urals and Siberia, follows the same pattern.

The only difference is when to start sowing the seeds and the time when the vegetable begins to bloom. If you decide to use the first method, then you should make holes in the garden bed at a distance of 30 cm from each other and pour humus into them. Seeds are sown to a depth of no more than 2 cm. They are sprinkled with ash on top and covered with film. In a week you will be able to see the first shoots.

What to do and how to plant seeds at the dacha or in the garden to get good harvest? It is necessary to choose the right sowing time. Time to plant cabbage in the garden:

in spring from and to April 20;
in summer from July 19 to August 9.

Chinese cabbage seeds

If you want to get an early harvest, then “Pekingka” seedlings should be sown at the end of March. And if you dream of enjoying the harvest in winter, then seedlings should be planted in the second half of June.

Suitable for this plant loose soil, therefore, for sowing it is best to use a mixture of humus (1 kg) with coconut substrate (2 kg).

The seeds are immersed in the soil no more than 1 cm and placed in a dark and warm room. When the first shoots appear after 3 days, they should be moved to a lighted place.

You don't need to care for Chinese cabbage any more than you do for regular white cabbage or cauliflower.

It is necessary to water the seedlings when the top earthen ball dries out. However, 4 days before transplanting the seedlings, watering is stopped.

In general, the sprouts will be ready for planting in a month, when they have 4 leaves.

Cabbage seedlings

Why shouldn't you pick?

This plant does not like picking and takes a long time to take root in a new place. It will not be possible to transplant or transplant seedlings while preserving the roots. Getting accustomed to a new place will take a long time. Therefore, it is not recommended to dive it - it is better to initially sow it in separate containers or peat tablets.

Before planting seedlings in open ground, they must be hardened off. To do this, young shoots are taken out into the fresh air, first for a couple of hours, then the time spent outside is gradually increased. When they are able to spend a day outside, then the seedlings will be ready for planting in a permanent place.

As for the soil for this vegetable, it should be well-drained and loose. Loamy soil would be an excellent option. In addition, a plant of this variety should not be planted in the place where tomatoes and beets used to grow.

The soil for planting such a wonderful variety begins to be prepared in the fall. To do this, dig up the soil and add lime to it. When the soil is dug up in the spring, then humus is added to it.

Growing Chinese cabbage

"Beijing" feels great in a greenhouse. However, for this you must strictly adhere to 2 rules:

Maintain a temperature range of 15 to 20 degrees - therefore an unheated greenhouse will not work;
Air humidity should be between 70-80%.

If these standards are not followed, a peduncle may form, and the plant will be susceptible to various diseases.

The advantage of growing Chinese cabbage in a greenhouse is that you can independently regulate the length of daylight hours and maintain the optimal temperature. A greenhouse will also help protect your crops from frost. And if it is heated, then you can grow this plant even in winter.

Beijing cabbage in a greenhouse

This plant loves moisture, coolness and light. Young shoots are especially sensitive to temperature changes and frosts. Therefore, in order to protect them and give them the opportunity to bloom, it is necessary to cover them with non-woven fabric.

In addition, the canvas will also protect the vegetable from direct sun rays on particularly hot days. It also helps remove excess moisture and hide the sprouts from the cruciferous flea beetle, which likes to profit from it. It will also be useful to mulch the soil, which will retain moisture and prevent the appearance of weeds.

To get an excellent harvest, vegetables need to be watered once a week with warm water.

Fertilizing also has a beneficial effect on it. The first feeding is carried out 14 days after planting in open ground.

Infusions made from chicken droppings, grass or mullein are especially useful. A liter of this fertilizer is poured under each plant. If cabbage was planted in the spring, then fertilizing should be done 3 times, and if in the summer, then 2 times.

If you want to get a good ovary, then it costs a liter hot water and drop 2 g into 9 liters of cold water boric acid and treat the “Beijing” with this solution.

Covering planted seedlings

In order for the vegetable to lie in the cellar for as long as possible, it is better to give preference to varieties that are harvested in September. And also, the more leaves remain with the head of cabbage, the longer the plant will be stored. In addition, it will last longer if it is placed in a room with high air humidity. In this case, each head of cabbage is well wrapped in plastic film. You should also inspect each head of cabbage every 14 days and remove dried or rotten leaves.

Under no circumstances should you store Pekinka next to apples. They secrete a substance that causes the leaves of the plant to wither.

Cabbage can also be stored in the refrigerator or on the balcony. The main thing is that condensation does not form on it, and the temperature does not drop less than 0 degrees.

In general, when storing cabbage on the balcony or refrigerator, you need to follow the same rules as when storing it in the cellar.

You should also know that the vegetable will last in such conditions from 1 to 4 months. If you want it to last longer, you can use the following storage methods:

sourdough;
drying;
freezing.

Pickled Chinese cabbage

The first method is sourdough. Is one of the most simple ways storage The sourdough recipe is very simple: you need to pour 10 kg of shredded cabbage with 600 ml of water and add 100 mg of vinegar, 2 tsp. salt and sugar, as well as 2 cloves of garlic squeezed through a press. Then, under pressure, all this should stand in a room at room temperature for about a day, and then 14 days in the cold.

To dry the “Beijing”, cut it into strips and place it in an oven preheated to 100 degrees and open the door slightly. It will be ready in 4 hours, after which the dried vegetable is placed in cotton bags.

To freeze, throw shredded cabbage into salted boiling water for 3 minutes. After this, the vegetable is dried and frozen.

As you can see, Chinese cabbage is a wonderful plant that will look like a decoration on any table. Don’t be afraid to take on growing Pekinka, because it is not picky about care and is very useful. Therefore, every gardener should allocate a place in his summer cottage Chinese cabbage.

Now many gardeners cultivate Chinese cabbage. The leaf plates of this type of plant have great nutritional and healing properties for the entire human body. China is considered the birthplace of this wonderful vegetable.

Peking cabbage in our regions can be grown both in an open garden bed and in a greenhouse.

Beijing cabbage - description

Chinese cabbage belongs to the cabbage family. It was first cultivated in the northern part of China. Now it has spread literally all over the world, as it has great beneficial properties. This type of culture has three varieties:

Half-headed.
Headed.
Leafy.

This is a biennial plant, but everyone grows it as an annual. Cabbage forms a rosette of tender, tasty leaves with a clearly visible central vein. The edges of the leaf blades are wavy, and their color is white-yellow-green.

Useful properties

It’s very good that all useful microelements and vitamins are preserved in cabbage long time. And therefore, regular consumption of Chinese cabbage leaves will help get rid of the following diseases:

avitaminosis;
stomach ulcer;
cleanses the blood;
removes toxins;
improves metabolism in the human body.

But you should remember that you need to eat it, albeit regularly, but in small quantities, as an addition to the main type of food.

Growing Chinese cabbage from seeds

This tasty vegetable is sold very often in the vegetable departments of supermarkets and ordinary stores. But it’s always more interesting to get your own harvest of this cabbage, which is more reminiscent of lettuce, which will have superior taste and vitamin content.

When to sow Chinese cabbage for seedlings

The date for planting Chinese cabbage seeds into the soil is different for each region. Let's take the middle part of Russia as an example. Here it is necessary to plant the seeds of the crop to produce seedlings in the first 10-12 days of April. Then gardeners living in the south should move the deadlines 2 weeks earlier than this date, and gardeners living at the latitude of the Moscow region will plant seeds no earlier than the 20th of April.

The dates vary due to the fact that in the south spring comes earlier and May holidays warm enough to plant cabbage seedlings in open ground without fear return frosts. At the same time, night cold snaps in the Moscow region may still occur at the beginning of summer, therefore, planting young cabbage sprouts there open garden bed You need to have a shelter on hand that can protect the planted seedlings from falling temperatures. It is recommended that all manipulations for planting seedlings be carried out on the growing moon; this will speed up their germination.

Gardeners can sow cabbage in two terms. Gardeners plant the second time in early July in order to get a second harvest from the garden in the summer. The second autumn harvest of cabbage can be eaten for a long time.

IMPORTANT! The right choice seeds must be purchased in specialized stores from trusted manufacturing companies, otherwise the output during harvesting will be a crop that does not correspond to the variety.

Growing Chinese cabbage seedlings

In order to start growing Chinese cabbage seedlings, in addition to proven seeds, you need to have with you:

peat tablets or containers 200 g;
soil specially created for growing seedlings, purchased from a specialized store.

You can also make the earth mixture yourself by taking in equal proportions:

Sod land.
Humus.

The soil you have prepared yourself needs to be disinfected; to do this, it is placed in a freezer refrigerator. Then cups with drainage holes are filled with soil and moistened with warm water. When planting seeds in the ground, they are lowered no lower than 1 cm, and in increments of 3 cm. Such pots are placed in one container for ease of transfer and turning different sides to the light and placed in a warm, dark place.

Living seeds begin to hatch already on the 3rd day. After which the seedlings are taken out into diffuse sunlight. Watering is done as 1/3 of the soil in the cup dries out. Watering is done with carefully settled water from a syringe or a tablespoon, so as not to wash the small sprouts out of the ground. At the moment when the sprouts have 5 true leaf blades, it will be ready for planting in the prepared bed.

IMPORTANT! Before planting seedlings in open ground, they must be hardened off for 10 days. This will help her easily acclimatize to a new place.

Peking cabbage pick

Cabbage does not tolerate picking well, but this does not mean that it should not be done. Therefore, as soon as the seedlings form two true leaves, you need to start picking them.

Only well-developed seedlings are suitable for picking, and sick ones are rejected and thrown out. They are selected and transplantation begins. The container should not exceed a volume of 250 g. and be filled with nutritious and loose soil. After transplanting, the seedlings are carefully watered and placed in a warm place where the air temperature will not be lower than 20 degrees Celsius. After transplantation, after 5 days, it is necessary to gradually reduce the air temperature to +16. This is done to prevent the growing seedlings from stretching out.

IMPORTANT! In order for the seedlings to stand on a sunny windowsill after diving, otherwise they will have to be illuminated with special incandescent lamps.

How to properly plant Chinese cabbage seedlings at home

Lovers of this cabbage who do not have land have a wonderful opportunity to grow it on their windowsill. Chinese cabbage is a vegetable that prefers short daylight hours, and therefore even in winter it will not need to be illuminated with lamps. The harvest can be obtained a month after seed germination.

Varieties of cabbage that can be grown on a southern windowsill or closed loggia:

Spring.
Stonefly.
Khibinskaya.
Lenok.

The technique for planting seeds is the same as for open ground. The only difference is that the finished seedlings are not planted in open ground, but in a container with a volume of at least 3 liters. To do this you can use:

plastic bottles;
flower pots;
Tetra packs of juice.

IMPORTANT! So that containers intended for growing cabbage have drainage holes to drain excess water after watering.

Cabbage planting technique:

Seeds are planted in peat tablets.
When they are old enough, they are planted in an appropriately sized container filled with nutritious and loose soil.
Dilute well with settled water.

Further care will consist of timely watering and fertilizers.

How to transplant Chinese cabbage seedlings into open ground

Before planting seedlings, they need to be hardened off. She is gradually accustomed to open air, first taking it out into the air for 1.5 hours and exposing it in the shade. On the 10th day, gradually increasing the time the cabbage is left for walking, it will be possible to leave it overnight. Before planting, cabbage sprouts are well watered. They drop her off in the evening to make it easier for her to adapt to the new place.

Seedlings are planted at the end of April or at the beginning of July, digging holes according to a 30x45 cm pattern, where 45 cm is the distance between the rows. We must ensure that there are no more than 13 sprouts per 1 m2. Before planting the crop, place 1 teaspoon of fertilizer in each hole:

nitrophoska;
urea

The entire bed is watered with a hose, and the cabbage sprouts begin to be planted, while being careful not to break the roots of the seedlings. This will be the first summer cabbage harvest.

In June, you can plant the crop using seeds. To do this, prepare the mother bed and plant the seeds, deepening the seeds by 3 cm when planting, the row spacing should be 15 cm. If you plant the seeds in mid-July, then by early July the seedlings are ready and they are transplanted from the mother bed to a permanent place.

How to get a large harvest of Chinese cabbage in open ground

When planting early, you need to have non-woven material ready, which can be used to cover the beds if necessary - this will help the seedlings survive both frosts and dry winds. The shelter is made for the first 15 days after planting the cabbage.
Under cover, Chinese cabbage forms larger and tighter heads.
After a while, the cover is removed and the beds are mulched with dry straw.
Cabbage is a plant that takes watering well and it is done rarely once a week, but it should be plentiful. Since moisture will help form the leaf plates of Chinese cabbage.
Watering is done so as not to get on the leaf blades; the best time to water is in the evening.
After each watering or rain, weeding must be done while removing weeds.
No one has canceled feeding, and it is carried out in stages:

the first, 10 days after planting the sprouts - with rotted manure or other nitrogen fertilizer.

IMPORTANT! Fertilize only with one of the three fertilizers, and not all at once. And all fertilizers are applied only after watering to wet soil, so as not to burn root system plants.

The second feeding is carried out with boric acid, which serves as an excellent additive for the formation of cabbage heads. It is done foliar and in the evening.

If you adhere to these rules and do not leave the cabbage bed unattended, this will significantly increase the vegetable yield.

There are a lot of advantages in growing Beijing, including the fact that even in mid-latitude conditions you can easily get two harvests in one season.

Also, this cabbage has a very large amount of useful substances, and is simply a tasty vegetable. But still, many still remain faithful to regular white cabbage.

Today we will try to debunk all the myths about the unsuitability of our conditions for the growth of “Peking” and that it is very difficult to grow it.

Of course, let’s not forget to mention the fight against the three main problems that usually arise when growing this vegetable by inexperienced gardeners: bolting, cruciferous flea beetle and mucus.

Beijing cabbage: how to properly prepare for planting?

Preparation for planting is one of the most crucial moments in the entire process of planting cabbage. After all, if you prepare it incorrectly planting materials If you choose a bad place to grow and don’t feed the soil with fertilizers, you won’t even have to hope for a good harvest.

Moreover, in the case of growing Chinese cabbage, you need to be very careful, and at least prepare yourself before this on a theoretical level.

What are the features of growing “Beijing”: temperature, climate and other important aspects

We have already mentioned that considering Chinese cabbage to be an Asian plant, many mistakenly consider it unsuitable for growing in the middle climate.

But in reality, things are completely different, since in a very warm climate with very long daylight hours, this plant immediately shoots an arrow with seeds, without forming the heads that gardeners need.

Thus, our climate suits “Beijing” perfectly, and even allows us to get one harvest from the beginning of spring, and a second in the autumn.

The optimal temperature for growing it is from 13 to 20ºС. At lower temperatures the plant will not grow at all, at higher temperatures it will shoot an arrow.

You need to choose a sunny place for the “Peking” to grow, although you should not forget that excessive lighting can harm it.

To prevent this from happening, experienced gardeners It is advised to stock up on special non-woven fabric in advance. It can become simply indispensable when growing Chinese cabbage, because:

Under such shelter, young seedlings and seedlings will not be afraid of frost. Indeed, despite the good resistance to low temperatures in adult plants, young ones are very susceptible to this.
Such a canvas will be an indispensable shelter for cabbage from overheating in the sun.
The canvas will not allow absolutely all precipitation to pass through, protecting the cabbage from excess moisture in the soil. By the way, it is high humidity that often causes this plant to rot.
Covered plants are much less damaged by their most inveterate enemy - the cruciferous midge, which is simply not able to detect plants under cover.

As you probably already understood, it is better not to plant Chinese cabbage in those beds where moisture comes very close to the surface. After all, the danger will be not only the possibility of rotting of the roots, but also the fact that with a large amount of moisture, the earth can either become very cold or very hot, which is also not desirable for the plant in question.

Also, do not forget to clarify which plants grew in the garden before. Chinese cabbage will grow best only after garlic, onions, carrots, potatoes and cucumbers.

Thus, from the same bed in the spring you can get garlic/onions/cucumbers, and by autumn you can also grow “Pekinga”.

We select the soil and prepare it for planting Chinese cabbage

As for the most acceptable type of soil for growing Pekinka, there is no clear answer.

This plant can bear fruit well in any soil if it is well cared for.

However, it is preferable to choose ones that are light, fertile and capable of allowing moisture to pass through without retaining it for a very long time (that is, clay soils must be strictly excluded).

A good option For all types of cabbage there are loams.

To grow seedlings, humus is usually mixed with coconut substrate, and you need to take twice as much of the latter.

A mixture of turf soil with the addition of the same amount of peat also showed good results. Such soil will be very nutritious for seeds, so in the warmth and with good watering shoots appear in it instantly.

When sowing seeds in open ground, add half a liter of humus to each hole and small quantity moisture, which also well stimulates seedlings and further growth of cabbage.

When planting seedlings, you should first dig up the bed thoroughly, adding a small amount of humus to it (although if the bed is not very fertile, then the amount of fertilizer should be increased).

Also, very wide beds for planting Chinese cabbage are not recommended. It is best to make narrow ones, with deep trenches on the sides, into which excess moisture will drain.

What are the features of different varieties of “Peking”: ripening time and yield

In general, Chinese cabbage should be considered a very early ripening crop, however, it also has varieties with different ripening periods. So, there are early ones, which ripen in about 40-55 days from the moment the seeds are sown, medium ones - the crop becomes suitable for consumption after 55-60 days, and late ones, which can ripen even 80 days.

If we talk about varieties of Chinese cabbage, then absolutely all gardeners agree that the Dutch varieties are the best. Let's name the most popular of them:

Early Chinese cabbage is represented by such varieties as “Orange Mandarin” (best sown in spring, the heads of cabbage are up to 1 kilogram), “Vesnyanka” (heads of cabbage are not large, but quickly ripen, stable), “Asten” (from the moment of planting the seedlings until they ripen 1-1.1 kg heads of cabbage take approximately 55 days), as well as "Sprinkin" (has good taste and can be stored for some time after collection).
Among the mid-season varieties, the best are considered to be “Bokal” (has huge heads of cabbage weighing up to 2 kilograms), “Bilko” (characteristic heads of cabbage weighing up to 1.5 kilograms and good taste qualities), "Vorozheya" (practically does not shoot, the fruits weigh up to 2 kilograms).
Late varieties of Chinese cabbage include “Russian size” (the leader in cabbage size - 3-4 kilograms), “Nika” (ellipsoidal fruits weighing up to 3 kilograms; you can even ferment it like regular white cabbage), "Parkin" (small fruits weighing up to 1 kilogram, but with a very good taste).

Preparing seeds for planting in the soil

Sowing Chinese cabbage seeds is also incredibly simple, since they do not even require soaking.

In general, purchased seeds can be sent into the soil without any problems and without worrying about whether they will sprout or not.

If you grew the seeds yourself or someone lent you some, you need to germinate a few of them to check their general suitability for sowing. To do this, they are laid out on a piece of wet cloth, covered with it and left in a warm place for a while (the humidity of the cloth must be maintained constantly).

Normally, they should germinate within 3-5 days. If this does not happen even after a week, it is better to look for other seeds.

We are sowing seeds and planting Chinese cabbage seedlings

To start planting Chinese cabbage, it is important to familiarize yourself with the timing of sowing its seeds. Also, the timing of direct planting will determine whether arrows appear on the plant or whether you will be able to grow a full-fledged crop.

But the most important thing is not to be afraid of difficulties, since in practice the planting process is much simpler than described.

Timing for planting "Beijing": when to start to avoid bolting

We have repeatedly mentioned that you can plant Chinese cabbage twice in one season and get two excellent harvests. So, the first time it is usually planted in the spring, for which the seeds for seedlings are sown from the end of March, and the second time - in the summer, and the seeds are sown around the end of June.

For planting seedlings, a time is selected when the daylight hours are not particularly long, but at the same time the air and soil temperatures are more or less warm (above 13-20ºC) and stable.

The first planting, which is called early spring, takes place approximately from April 15 to April 20. During this period of time, spring frosts very often occur, which can greatly harm the plant. To avoid this, it is very important to immediately after planting cover the cabbage with a cloth.

Mulching the soil helps protect against frost.

Summer-autumn planting of Chinese cabbage seedlings is carried out from July 20 to August 10. It will have plenty of time for full growth and the formation of a head of cabbage, so even before the first autumn frosts you can have a well-ripened harvest.

Planting scheme: how much space does Chinese cabbage need to grow?

You can plant Chinese cabbage either with or without seedlings. In the first case, the seeds of this plant are placed in pots with soil to a depth of 0.5-1 centimeters. Seedlings do not need a lot of space to grow, although it is better to place the seeds at a distance of 1-2 centimeters from each other.

After 2-3 days, shoots should appear, and after 25-30 days, together with the appearance of 4-5 leaves on the seedlings, it can be transplanted into open ground.

If you decide to plant the seeds immediately in open ground, which is quite acceptable to do in the summer, then for this you will need to prepare special holes.

By the way, the layout of the holes will be identical to the pattern of planting seedlings: 25-30 centimeters both between plants and between rows (you can leave more space between the rows to make it more convenient to process the plants).

Each hole must be fertilized immediately by pouring half a liter jar of humus (compost) into it, and also adding about 2 tablespoons of wood ash.

To ensure that fertilizers are better absorbed into the soil and reach the roots of the plant faster, a large amount of water is also poured into the holes. If you sow seeds, they need to be planted to a depth of 1-2 centimeters.

When planting seedlings, you need to focus on its size, but under no circumstances bury its leaves.

How should you properly care for Chinese cabbage in your own garden to achieve high yields?

Caring for garden plants, which everyone dislikes so much, in the case of growing Chinese cabbage, there is absolutely no way to avoid it. Although in general it is not whimsical, but various pests love it very much, so without special measures you can get good result there will be no opportunity.

Also, every gardener strives with all his might to improve the fruiting results of his cabbage, which we will help you do with our recommendations.

How to deal with pests and diseases of Chinese cabbage?

The most terrible pests of the "Beijing" are the cruciferous midge and slugs. It is especially difficult to deal with the first one, since it causes enormous harm to plants and it is often impossible to remove it.

For this reason, it is best to adhere to the following preventive measures:

Plant plants at the time described above, when these insects are not yet present, or they have already disappeared.
Using non-woven fabric to cover Chinese cabbage plantings.
Even before the emergence of seedlings, the bed should be dusted with wood ash.
It is very important to correctly change crops in the beds, and under no circumstances plant “Pekinga” after radishes, mustard and other types of cabbage.
You can mix crops, which sometimes helps to deceive this pest. So, this cabbage can be mixed with tomatoes, garlic, onions, cucumbers, potatoes and even petunias.

If such measures do not help, you will have to use biological products - “Fitoferm” or “Bitoxibacillin”, and also enhance their effect by dusting with ash and tobacco. If you notice particularly active insects - use chemicals– “Aktary”, “Inta-Vira” (but no later than a month before harvest.

Slugs are also fought with tricks. In particular, you can spread burdock leaves over the garden bed, boards on/under which they will certainly crawl, and suppress the pests manually. In addition, cabbage can be sprayed with a mixture of ash, salt, mustard powder, and red pepper.

How to water the “Beijing”: regularity and volumes

Watering is one of the very important aspects of caring for Chinese cabbage.

However, it is very important not to overdo it with this matter, because, as we have already mentioned, large quantities moisture can cause rotting of the root system of the plant and its entirety. Therefore, they even stop watering seedlings after the first week of growth (although when growing them on open areas soil, it is worth focusing more on weather conditions).

In general, watering should be done no more than once a week, although it is worth using a fairly large amount of water. Another important condition - the water must be warm, otherwise the plant may react quite painfully to temperature changes.

A good tip would also be that the bed can be covered with mulch within a week after planting the seedlings. It will not only retain moisture in the soil well, but will also prevent weeds from growing in the garden. In spring, mulch also serves as frost protection.

Feeding beds with Chinese cabbage: what fertilizers are needed?

Feeding the “Pekinga” can begin 2 weeks after the plant is planted in a permanent place.

You can use the following fertilizers at a rate of 1 liter per plant:

Water + mullein (1:10).
Water + chicken manure (1:20).
Water + herbs (1:9).

If cabbage was planted in the spring, fertilize it 3 times, in the summer - only two.

To form good heads of cabbage, they are sprayed with the following solution: 2 grams of boric acid per 1 liter of hot water + 9 liters of cold water.

We slaughter Chinese cabbage to increase its resistance

You can slaughter Chinese cabbage seedlings within a week after germination. To do this, cups and boxes with it are exposed to sunlight, and they are also taken out into the fresh air for a short period of time to adapt to the cold.

Harvesting and storing Chinese cabbage

You can cut off those heads of cabbage that have already become quite dense.

There is no need to rush especially in autumn, since it is not afraid of frost of -4ºC.

You can only store summer cabbage by wrapping it in cling film and leaving it in a room with a temperature of +5-7 ºС.

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Due to the climatic characteristics of the zoned areas, growing Chinese cabbage in our country has its own difficulties. Ignorance of them can cause not only an unsatisfactory harvest, but also a complete absence due to damage by diseases or pests.

The plant forms a rosette of vertically standing leaves, the usual hard head of cabbage is completely absent, the height is between 30–50 cm. The leaves are soft, without an unpleasant specific taste, and are used for food both raw and cooked.

The plant is early ripening. The most early varieties They produce a harvest 40 days after germination. Late varieties ripen at 60 days. This early ripening allows in some areas to grow three crops per year per open ground. Year-round cultivation is possible in greenhouses.
A drop in temperature to +13°C can trigger the appearance of arrows and flower stalks. The same effect is caused by long daylight hours. Agronomists recommend temperatures for maximum yield of +15–20°C. Breeders have created special hybrids that are resistant to low temperatures, which minimizes the likelihood of flower stalks appearing. In areas with a risky climate, it is recommended to use these varieties for farming.

Among the advantages, Chinese cabbage also has significant disadvantages - it cannot be stored under normal conditions, it requires refrigeration chambers, a strictly set temperature, the presence of inert gases in the air, etc. The second disadvantage is that Chinese cabbage cannot be fermented, and some traditional dishes cannot be prepared from it. our compatriots dishes.

Chinese cabbage is planted for gradual use on greens or heads of cabbage. In the first case, the leaves are cut off as needed, in the second case they wait until the head of cabbage is formed. This will take no more than 60 days. The head of cabbage is not stored for a long time; you need to keep this in mind when planning the number of beds for this vegetable.

There are a lot of varieties and hybrids; if you wish, you can leave a few inflorescences for the seeds to ripen. Just keep in mind that hybrids do not retain their qualities; for breeding, use only varietal Chinese cabbage.

Cabbage leaves contain 3.5% protein, 2.4% sugar, almost full complex mineral salts and amino acids. During heat treatment, a large amount of nutrients is lost; it is better to cook dishes raw.

Growing technologies

The plant can be grown using two technologies: direct sowing in the ground or seedlings. Each method has its own characteristics and preconditions for use. A specific decision on the breeding method must be made taking into account climate zone residence, site features and their practical farming skills.

Direct seeding

Recommended for use in regions with warm climates. Seeds can be sown in the ground from late April to mid-June. It is advisable to divide the time into several periods, due to this you will be able to have fresh cabbage for a longer period of time. The last date for sowing is August 10. Today the climate is getting a little warmer, the dates can be shifted. But this is at your own peril and risk; no scientist can give a long-term forecast of temperature changes in each individual region. Practitioners advise not to take risks and not go beyond the traditional time frame for sowing Chinese cabbage.

The seeds need to be sown in shallow furrows, the distance between them is at least 25 cm. The fact is that this vegetable needs a lot of space; too thick seedlings not only suppress each other, but also cause the growth of inflorescences.

Sowing seeds in furrows - photo

After emergence of seedlings, mandatory thinning of plants is required. How is it done?

Thinning should be done only after rain; if there has been no precipitation for a long time, then the beds should be watered abundantly, and field work should be carried out only the next day.
The distance between individual sprouts is at least twenty centimeters. Leave only the most developed and healthy ones; at the slightest suspicion of disease, the plant should be removed and not thrown into the rows.
Simultaneously with thinning, it is recommended to do weeding. At this time, the weeds are still small and can be pulled out without effort. As soon as cultivated plant it will get stronger and grow, you won’t have to do any more weeding. Large leaves of Chinese cabbage inhibit the development of other plants.

There is another option for direct sowing of cabbage - not in furrows, but in holes. You need to throw 2-4 seeds into each hole, and remove the weakest ones during thinning. The distance is 20–25 centimeters, as recommended by growing technology. Experienced vegetable growers advise trying both methods of sowing seeds in the first year, and then using the one you like best and will give better results.

The depth of planting seeds in open ground is 1–2 cm; to speed up the emergence of seedlings, it is recommended to cover the bed with plastic film or modern agrofibre. The second option is much preferable - agrofibre allows sunlight, air and moisture to pass through and protects the surface of the beds from morning frosts. In addition, agrofibre has very little specific gravity, which allows sprouts to develop under it, the stems are even and not deformed. The first shoots may appear 3–10 days after sowing; depending on temperature conditions, specific calendar dates are set.

The main pest of Chinese cabbage is the inconspicuous cruciferous flea beetle. You cannot sow after mustard, radishes and other cruciferous crops. Wood ash provides excellent protection against fleas. Not black coals, but gray, almost weightless ash. This is both protection and fertilizer. With strip-line sowing, thinning is best done in two stages. For the first time, the sprouts are left at a distance of up to 10 cm from each other. When the leaves grow and join together, you can re-weed them. The distance between plants should already be at least 25 centimeters. As always, the weakest shoots are removed.

Growing seedlings

A labor-intensive method, used in areas with insufficient positive temperatures. Seedlings can be sown much earlier and transferred to the ground after the onset of stable warm days. You need to know that this plant is very capricious for seedling technology; working with it is much more difficult than, for example, with tomatoes. The roots of Chinese cabbage are very thin and fragile, they break easily, and broken ones will necessarily lead to inhibition of plant growth.

In this regard, it is recommended to grow seedlings in peat tablets or pots and transplant the prepared plants into them without pulling them out of the ground. The survival rate after picking is no more than 70%, and this is subject to compliance with all agricultural technology requirements. For beginners, the survival rate will be even lower, and sometimes the results will be an unpleasant surprise. The absence of the operation of picking seedlings has a beneficial effect on the final results.

How to prepare seedlings

If in the future Chinese cabbage grows in greenhouses, then the seeds can be sown from the end of January; if the plants are planned for open ground, then the timing is shifted to the end of March.

Priming. You need it to be loose in structure and very fertile in quality. It's good to take coconut extract, but you can replace it with more familiar garden mixtures.
Sowing seeds. The seeds are very small; for uniform sowing, it is recommended to mix them with coarse washed river sand without clay.
Watering. Average, too much soil moisture can slow down the growth of seedlings, delicate thin roots rot, and the plant gets sick. But you can’t overdry it either. Watering can only be done using a shallow watering can using sprinkling method or a sprinkler.
Temperature regime. Favorable temperature +20–22°С. Containers with sown seeds are immediately covered with film. As soon as the first shoots appear, the film is removed. If possible, it is recommended to use mini-greenhouses, but it is not always possible to find boxes of this size, because the height of the peat cups is quite large.
Light. During the growing season, Chinese cabbage is considered a light-loving plant. If the seedlings are sown in the winter months, then without artificial light can't get by. It is better to use modern, economical lamps. In addition to saving energy costs, such lamps have another advantage - they do not heat the seedlings. Incandescent lamps emit powerful infrared waves, which makes it very difficult to regulate the temperature of seedlings. To increase illumination, you need to bring the lamps closer to the sprouts. But this cannot be done, because overheating may occur. It turns out vicious circle and you have to sacrifice one indicator: either reduce the illumination, or increase the temperature.
Top dressing. You can feed once before hardening. If the soils are poor, then feed twice. Do not prepare mixtures yourself mineral fertilizers. It is much more effective, safer and easier to purchase ready-made formulations and use them according to the attached instructions.

Transplanting

Cabbage loves light, organic-rich, neutral soils that are acidic. Soils must allow water to pass through well and not allow it to stagnate. Excess water is the cause of plant disease. Choose legumes and root vegetables as predecessors. It is not recommended to plant Chinese cabbage after cruciferous vegetables (radish, radish, turnips, etc.).

Before planting, seedlings need to be hardened off. To do this, two to three weeks before transfer, the plants are taken out into fresh air. At first, you only need to keep them for a few hours and completely protect them from direct sunlight. Gradually, the holding time increases, the plants begin to adapt to the sun's rays. The last few days before planting the seedlings, you can try leaving them outside all night.

In open ground, the distance between individual plants is 30x25 cm; in order to save space in greenhouses, the distance is reduced to 20x20 cm. Peking cabbage is not afraid of frost down to -4°C, optimal temperature growing season +15-22°C. A large amount of sunlight and temperatures above +25°C will cause sunburn, and this negatively affects the final yield.

If the summer is rainy, then the plants need to be protected from waterlogging, otherwise the root system may rot. If you correctly adhere to the recommended agricultural technology, then even in middle lane Our country can easily harvest two harvests per season.

Plant protection from diseases and pests

We won't write about modern drugs, they are very effective, but have one drawback - harm is caused not only to pests, but also to consumers. Let us dwell on traditional agrotechnical methods for protecting Chinese cabbage.

Maintaining crop rotation. A very simple but very important way. The vast majority of diseases tend to accumulate in the soil. The greater the concentration of pests and diseases, the more different types need to be used. chemicals, the more of them get into plants and further along the food chain. In addition to this factor, crop rotation plays another very important role. Each plant requires a different amount of minerals by weight and chemical composition. For some, nitrogen is important, for others potassium, and so on. This means that different beds in one area have different levels of nutrients in the soil. Only through proper crop rotation can an optimal combination of minerals be created for the plant without additional fertilizing.
Compliance with sowing deadlines. Seeds begin to grow only when the temperature at a given soil depth reaches optimal values.

Strong plants are much less likely to be damaged by pests and various diseases, and the right technology increases the resistance of cabbage to unfavorable conditions.