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Performance-enhancing drugs. How to strengthen the nervous system, restore the psyche and calm the nerves: vitamins and techniques Depression, chronic fatigue, loss of strength? The body needs help

Joints are responsible for the mobility of the entire body, and bones make up its frame. Their normal functioning is possible only in the presence of all useful substances. Therefore, it is extremely important to take care of proper nutrition with enough necessary elements.

Vitamins for muscles and joints can be taken not only for prevention, but also as an addition to the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

Their use prevents damage to cartilage tissue. Correct intake has a beneficial effect on stabilizing free radicals, which negatively affect the condition of body tissues.

Vitamins for joints, ligaments, bones, cartilage, muscles. What products contain them?

Vitamin A required by the body to form bone tissue. Its deficiency causes osteoporosis, which is common cause bone fractures.

Each disease negatively affects the condition of the joints, even the common flu or ARVI.

Retinol deficiency weakens the body's defenses, and it becomes open to various types of infections.

Vitamin A prevents early aging of the body. It is found in spinach and parsley, in all red and yellow vegetables, apricots, butter and liver, fish oil, cream, milk and egg yolks.

Vitamins for the joint system are especially necessary for athletes and older people

Vitamins E and C necessary for the normal functioning of joints. That’s why doctors often prescribe them for those who suffer from arthritis. They will not only prevent early aging, but also activate regeneration processes. They destroy free radicals, which negatively affect the membranes of the joints.

Almost all arthritis patients suffer from a lack of ascorbic acid. It is she who is a natural stimulator of collagen synthesis, which is so important for the formation of connective, epithelial and cartilage tissues.

The source is parsley, rose hips, sweet pepper, kiwi, black currant and citrus fruits.

A sufficient amount is a great preventative measure for joints. It is found in almost all vegetable oils(pumpkin, sunflower, olive), liver, milk and cereals, wheat germ oil, broccoli, nuts, celery, avocado, egg yolk.

B and D- these are vitamins that have a beneficial effect on cartilage and connective tissue, and also effectively reduce pain and provide an anti-inflammatory effect.

Vitamins B and D have an anti-inflammatory effect

It is an obstacle to the destruction of cartilage. However, it is worth considering that it alone cannot be a panacea for joint diseases. It is necessary to combine its intake with other microelements.

Vitamin D is present in the following foods: fish, fish oil, fermented milk products. can be found in nuts, dairy products, bread, nuts, spinach, yeast, chicken, liver, lentils, fish and seafood.

Vitamin K essential for bones. It is a leading component of protein production and actively participates in the synthesis of bone mass, increasing its growth.

This element is contained in large quantities in lettuce, spinach, basil and oregano, celery, prunes, Brussels sprouts, white and cauliflower, thyme.

After cooking vegetables, their vitamin K content becomes significantly higher.

Vitamin complexes for joints

The pharmaceutical industry produces all kinds of vitamins to strengthen bones and joints:

Any preparation for joints must contain chondroitin.

Taking vitamins will not cure diseased joints, but will significantly speed up the process of cartilage tissue restoration.

Pharmacy vitamins for strengthening bones

Many pharmaceutical companies produce a variety of vitamin complexes to strengthen bones:

Remember that before taking medications you should not neglect consulting a doctor.

"Calcemin Advance"– an optimal combination of calcium and vitamin D. This is necessary to strengthen bones and protect them from fractures. It is used to replenish calcium deficiency, as well as to prevent osteoporosis.
"Doppelherz aktiv with glucosamine", in addition to calcium and vitamin D, it also contains chondroitin. It is one of the most effective complexes for strengthening bones. The drug strengthens bone tissue and has a beneficial effect on the condition of joints. Recommended for older people and athletes.
"Complivit calcium D3" It is also one of the most popular means for strengthening bone tissue and preventing osteoporosis. Available for both adults and children. Contains calcium and vitamin D3.
"Kalcemin"– has a beneficial effect on calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Saturates the body with essential microelements, calcium and D3. Doctors prescribe it to strengthen joints and bones and prevent diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

Vitamin preparations for the spine

Special preparations have been developed for the spine

To keep the spine in shape, you can take the drugs described above, such as “Calcemin”, “Calcium D3 Complivit”.

For the treatment and prevention of diseases of the spinal column such as osteochondrosis, doctors prescribe Decamevit, Alfacalcidol, Calcium D3 Nycomed, Pentovit, Unicap.

Especially popular are the Finnish vitamins “Arthro Balance Plus”, “Weleda-Aufbaukalk”, “Meller”. All of them contain calcium, as well as other microelements, which are essential for maintaining the spine in shape.

Complexes for arthrosis and arthritis

Doctors often prescribe vitamins for arthritis and arthrosis. They prescribe medications containing minerals and vitamins C, E, A, which strengthen joint tissue.

Complexes for arthritis and joint arthrosis:

"Dekamevit";
"Duovit";
"Orthomol Artro plus";
"Antioxicaps";
"Pentovit."

Take care of your body before problems with bones, muscles, and joints arise. To do this, you need to eat rationally, including in the menu foods containing “necessary” vitamins for bones and joints.

You can take vitamins from the pharmacy. You cannot do without them in case of osteochondrosis, arthrosis, arthritis and problems with the musculoskeletal system. It is important to coordinate the intake of vitamin complexes with your doctor.

“People who don’t deal with anxiety die young.”

A.Carrel.

If you think carefully about the well-worn cliche “everything”, then it becomes clear why these nerves need to be strengthened, and nervous system train, tone and stimulate. So that there is no disease, but there is health.

Connected by one goal, bound by one chain...

Body and psyche are connected like lovebirds. Every change inside is reflected outside. And, conversely, everything external turns into an internal state. It is not for nothing that there is such a direction in medicine as psychosomatics, which tries to establish a clear connection between the course of mental processes and their influence on the physiological state of a person.

All this in the near future may come back to haunt us with serious problems that will radically affect the quality of life. It will change and, as is clear, not for the better.

The question “why strengthen your nerves” is clear as day. Mental nerves need the same care and training as the body. Then the person will be harmoniously healthy (physically and mentally). And health is a guarantee of a full, active and active life.

There are a great many methods for strengthening the nervous system and psyche, and they can be roughly divided into 2 groups: training for the body and training for the psyche. Let's focus on the first group.

Strengthen the body to calm the nerves and psyche

You can strengthen your body, nerves and psyche if you follow these recommendations:

You need to train your body increasing your level of physical activity. Movement is life. This is easy to see with an example deceased. As Vysotsky sang: “Everyone ran away from the noise and scream, only the dead man did not run away.” All living things must move, and as actively as possible. During running or vigorous walking, all the stress hormones we have accumulated are intensively consumed by the body. They are stress hormones to help run away from fear and danger, and not lie in their way (or on the sofa).
Nutrition is a matter of principle. Correct! Food is a responsible matter and should not be approached in a hurry. The principle of nutrition for the glory of health is to provide the body with all the necessary substances, vitamins, minerals, amino acids.
Just filling your stomach with whatever you have to on the go is wrong. And the echo of spells: “don’t overeat”, “don’t eat at night”, “don’t abuse” never ceases in the air.
Be gone, unhealthy addictions. Instead of breakfast - coffee with a cigarette... This ritual makes you wake up in the morning, serving as a light tonic. You can stop there. And it’s best to completely quit smoking, drinking, using stimulants and other destructive habits. The short exciting effect of nicotine is replaced by a phase of sharp inhibition. To get a new portion of vigor and tone the brain, one cigarette is followed by another, a third... But the excitation phase is becoming shorter and shorter, and the inhibition phase is longer. At a certain stage, the body no longer reacts with a flash of excitement. Instead of a short tonic charge, the smoker begins to experience fatigue, irritation, weakness and drowsiness. It's the same with coffee. After the next portion, it no longer gives a boost of energy, but takes away the last one.
Hardening and winter swimming. Water is an indispensable condition for existence. Aquatic environment- these are dozens of ways to strengthen nervous system. Hardening creates an “impenetrable” immunity, invigorates, forces the body to “wake up” and withdraw its reserves. Winter swimming is an extreme form of hardening. It seems strange, but “walruses” are surprisingly healthy and balanced people. Such a powerful physiological stress, which the body receives when immersed in an ice hole, will launch all your armored trains standing on the sidings.
Bath and sauna– a recognized method for cleansing the body and soul. High temperatures, hot steam in combination with a birch broom very quickly cures any blues, and the grateful body responds with pleasant languor, relaxation and cleared consciousness.
IN water you need not only to swim, harden and steam. You also need to drink it correctly and in sufficient quantities. The 8 glasses method is widely known. If you believe the primary sources, then exactly this volume of water should pass through the channels of our body per day, washing it, clearing mucus from the intestinal walls, removing decay products and organizing the correct water balance.
Massage, self-massage– the strongest remedy against all sorts of ailments. The trouble is that the body gradually loses flexibility and joint mobility. Metabolic processes go poorly, stagnation and tension appear in the muscles. Powerful self-massage until you break a sweat will perfectly disperse stagnant blood, enhance metabolic processes, and give vivacity and a sea of energy.
Sleep and rest area. Deep, healthy sleep will help strengthen the nervous system. In sleep, the body is restored, renewed cells, the brain rests. Lack of sleep, shallow sleep, frequent awakenings, early awakenings quickly weaken the nervous system. A person becomes lethargic, apathetic, dull, has difficulty thinking and concentrating. In communication, lack of sleep manifests itself in outbreaks of irritation and aggression. You need to sleep with all sources of noise turned off: TV, telephone, radio, computer. The sleeping room should be well ventilated. Coffee and smoking breaks before bed will destroy your good intentions, because... have the ability to overexcite the nervous system. Sleep in the dark. Darkness is a condition for the production of melatonin (the hormone of calm and sleep). If you are already used to falling asleep to the sound and light of the TV, get out of the habit. Screen flickering and flashes of light interfere with the production of the sleepy hormone.
Nature– another natural assistant in creating a strong psyche and a healthy nervous system. The calmest and most harmonious people are tourists of all stripes. Hiking, water, cycling tourism is a wonderful and natural way relax the nervous system. Nature heals itself. All you have to do is get out of the city, sit by the river and watch the sun reflect in the water. You will return home peaceful and spiritualized. Communication with nature can not only easily recreate the psyche, but also treat severe physical ailments.

Healthy food for nerves - eat and relax!

Nutritionists have created a special diet for those who want to stop worrying and start living. Without the substances and microelements necessary for a person, which he receives at the dinner table, nerve cells cannot cope with their tasks fully.

Lack of magnesium, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, iodine weakens the nervous system and its interaction with internal organs.

Magnesium is an essential element responsible for muscle relaxation, transmission and receipt of nerve impulses. His sources:

mineral waters;
eggs;
nuts;
beans;
wheat bran.

Eat oatmeal, pearl barley, millet, and buckwheat more often. These cereals contain large reserves of magnesium.

Phosphorus is a trace element that reduces muscle tension and tones the nervous system. It is found in organ meats, milk, beans and cereals.

Calcium is a regulator of neuromuscular impulses. Despite all its importance for the strength of bones and teeth, the nerves need it no less. And sometimes even more. In such cases, the body “removes” it from the bones, directing it to where it is most needed. Sources of calcium:

dairy products;
cabbage of all varieties and spinach;
nuts;
poppy and sesame seeds;
soybeans and wheat.

Potassium – promotes the coordinated functioning of muscles and nerves, serves as a prevention of depression and. The lack of potassium is compensated for by enriching your table with plant and dairy products, as well as lean varieties of meat and fish.

vegetables and fruits (cucumbers, tomatoes, pumpkin, cabbage, melons, watermelons, bananas);
dried fruits (figs, raisins, prunes);
cereals ( wheat flour and bran, rye bread, oatmeal and buckwheat);
nuts (walnuts, pine, peanuts, almonds);
meat and fish (beef, rabbit, tuna, flounder, cod).

Iron – ensures full operation thyroid gland, is responsible for normal metabolism and the formation of nerve fibers. There is a lot of iron in meat and liver. Any meat is suitable, and the darker it is, the more iron it contains.

The following products are rich in this element:

river fish, sea fish, seafood;
eggs (chicken, duck, quail);
fruits, dried fruits;
green vegetables;
bread and cereals.

Iodine is responsible for the production of thyroid hormones. Lack of the hormone thyroxine causes severe metabolic diseases. Hormonal imbalance means apathy, lethargy, depression, chronic fatigue and irritable weakness. The lack of iodine is compensated by adding to the diet seaweed, sea fish and seafood.

Foods for the nervous system that make us happy:

Vitamins and sedatives for nerves

To strengthen the nervous system and psyche, certain vitamins and medications are needed.

Nerves react very favorably to vitamin B and very poorly to its deficiency.

The most convenient way is to purchase an inexpensive package of Pentovit. This is a blister of 50 tablets that contain the entire group of this vitamin.

B vitamins lower levels, relieve stress, normalize mood and even restore nerve cells. They improve thought processes, strengthen memory, give vigor and efficiency.

Vitamin C copes well with stress and improves mood. Vitamin E calms the nervous system. Vitamin A slows down the aging of nerve cells, improves sleep; its deficiency will lead to lethargy, fatigue and some general lethargy.

Tinctures, herbal mixtures, syrups, drops and tablets are the main forms of sedatives

Novo-Passit syrup is more appropriate for mild forms of neurosis, it makes it easier to fall asleep and soothes.

Valocordin, Valoserdin drops, Zelenin drops reduce central nervous system excitation and have a sedative and hypnotic effect. Also these funds remove vegetative-vascular symptoms.

The best tablets that restore the balance between inhibition and excitation of the nervous system are recognized:

Glycine;
Persen;
Donormil.

But the first thing you need to do to strengthen your nervous system is to stop being nervous about every reason and without it, here’s how to do it:

“Lord, give me the strength to change what I can change, give me the courage not to worry where nothing depends on me and the wisdom to distinguish one from the other.” This prayer is excellent advice for those who are constantly nervous about everything. There is no need to be nervous, you just need to study your problems. And act according to this appeal.

It is also worth remembering that:

The human body is a single complex that carries a very important load. Without the normal functioning of the immune system, a person will not be healthy. According to recent studies, doctors are increasingly diagnosing immune problems in patients of any age. The reasons lie in an unbalanced diet, bad habits, the use of poor-quality water, plus stress and decreased physical activity. As soon as the immune system becomes disordered, a person becomes more tired, gets tired faster, and experiences a decrease in mental and physical performance. Therefore, it is extremely important to strengthen your body. And this is quite possible to do through exercise, using vitamins or medications.

Vitamins for general strengthening of the body

Vitamins are required to provide a person with a full life. Some of them are synthesized by the body itself, some come from food and sunlight. However, depending on the time of year and life situations, a significant deficiency of these important elements is found in human tissues. We recently talked about how a deficiency of vitamin C in the body leads to scurvy. By the way, from 1600 to 1800, about a million sailors died from it (Wikipedia data). To avoid such cases in our time, pharmaceutical drugs are produced so that a person can independently control their intake into the body. Of course, they are processed somewhat worse than natural vitamins, but sometimes this is the only opportunity to replenish the supply of useful substances.

A person needs all vitamins known to medicine. But there are some, a decrease in the concentration of which in the organ system leads to very undesirable changes.

First of all this vitamin A. This group includes retinoic acid, beta-carotene, and the main one - retinol. With its deficiency, a person experiences a decrease in visual acuity, skin elasticity decreases, the brain functions less productively, and the functioning of the cardiac system is disrupted. Group A vitamins help restore body cells and promote hair and nail growth. Experts recommend taking them in combination with vitamin E, since one will not be absorbed without the other.

Vitamin E can be found in wheat germ and vegetable oil. They saturate skin cells with nutrients, restore cell membranes and are a powerful antioxidant. Vitamin E helps get rid of toxic breakdown products. It is extremely necessary during pregnancy, helping the fetus to correctly form organs and develop correctly.

Vitamin D synthesized independently under the influence of the sun. The main advantage is that it promotes the absorption of phosphorus and calcium salts in the intestines and promotes the process of strengthening teeth and mineralization of bone tissue. If sunny days If there is little in your area, then vitamin D is taken additionally in the form of vitamins.

Vitamin K performs an auxiliary function in blood clotting and is used to treat thrombosis.

Vitamin C fights decreased immunity, gum problems, colds And inflammatory processes. It protects the body from destructive effects environment and helps reduce high level cholesterol in the blood, helps the growth of new cells, and is involved in the production of anti-stress hormones.

B vitamins consistently output naturally, and, therefore, they need to be replenished at intervals of 8 hours. Vitamins of this group are responsible for the health of the nervous system, the proper level of hemoglobin, protecting the body from anemia. Vitamin B is found in dairy products, meat or fish dishes.

To improve overall tone, the country's leading therapists recommend taking general strengthening vitamin complexes. They are not used for treatment; they replenish seasonal or situational deficiencies of vitamins in the body. It is unacceptable to take vitamins continuously, as this can lead to hypervitaminosis.

For a general strengthening effect, various complexes are most often prescribed, where all vitamin groups are optimally selected. Their names are often heard on television in advertising.

In addition to vitamin complexes, doctors also prescribe special immunomodulators.

Medicines for general strengthening of the body

The first drug used to strengthen the body is immunoglobulins. This is a form of antibody that prevents viruses and bacteria from entering a person, blocking their ability to spread. These medications are used to strengthen the immune system during the treatment of various infections.

Other strengthening drugs are interferons, which stimulate the immune system. They enable the body to cope with viruses on its own.

I will not name any drugs, but I will draw your attention to folk remedies.

Strengthening the body with traditional methods

Only doctors should prescribe vitamin complexes and especially medications. However, you can strengthen your body natural means. For example, lingonberries, cranberries, black currants and other berries, freshly picked, or as an ingredient in frozen jelly and fruit drinks, are considered a reliable remedy. dried fruits. Decoctions of licorice, elecampane or dandelion roots will help improve tone. You can use the plant Rhodiola rosea, Echinacea, Eleutherococcus, which strengthen the immune system. Tinctures based on them can be made independently or purchased at a pharmacy. Recipes for homemade is on the website. As an example of a drug from a pharmacy, I will give the drug “Echinacea Tincture Dr. Theiss”.

Exercise for general strengthening of the body

However, strengthening the body cannot be achieved without physical activity. Simple exercise promotes the development of the whole muscular system, development of correct posture, ensures proper functioning of the respiratory system and cardiovascular system Plus it improves metabolism.

The means of strengthening gymnastics are: walking and running in various combinations, exercises without auxiliary objects and with weights; choreographic elements. water aerobics. Its goal is to maintain vigor and maintain high performance due to high muscle tone. This type of exercise is accessible and useful to everyone; it can be done at home.
Instead of exercise, you can use health complexes - qigong or yoga.

Of course, to strengthen the body it is still necessary to get rid of bad habits, organize sufficient sleep, alternate work with dynamic rest. Compliance with the entire set of measures listed above will ensure good health, allow you to get sick less and feel great.

Vitamins for better health

Vitamins for strengthening the body are divided into two large groups:

Water soluble. They are constantly required, since excess substances are eliminated along with waste products. The intestinal microflora synthesizes some vitamins B, K, but small quantities.
Fat soluble. They have the ability to accumulate in the body. Their excess is harmful, so before taking monovitamins, you should get tested and make sure that your body really lacks them.

The most important vitamins for health:

Vitamin A (retinol). This group also includes retinal, beta-carotene, retinoic acid, etc. Vitamins of this group are involved in the synthesis of proteins, stimulate the functioning of the brain and cardiovascular system, the formation muscle mass. Cell regeneration, hair and skin condition improves, and immunity increases. Without retinol, full growth and development is impossible. Absorbed in combination with vitamin E. Daily dosage is 600-900 mcg. Food sources: meat, fish, eggs, carrots, pumpkin, apricots, peaches.
Vitamin E (tocopherol). Necessary for strengthening the body's defenses, it is a natural antioxidant. Improves blood circulation, normalizes metabolic processes, cleanses the body of toxins. Normalizes blood circulation, improves the functioning of the immune and circulatory systems, hormonal levels, and regulates the reproductive system of the body. Promotes better absorption of vitamin A. You need to get 10-20 mg per day. The main sources are greens, sprouted wheat, vegetable oils and eggs.
Vitamin D. Can be synthesized by the body under the influence of sunlight. Its main role is the normalization of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, mineralization of bone tissue, and improvement of the immune system. The average dosage per day is 2.5-3 mcg. Contained in fish, seafood, dairy products, grains.
Vitamin C ( ascorbic acid). A natural antioxidant, improves cell regeneration, improves immunity, fights inflammation. Participates in redox reactions. Normalizes adrenal function and is essential for the cardiovascular system. Participates in the production of collagen and anti-stress hormones, removes toxins from the body. To a healthy person You need to get 70-100 mg of vitamin per day. Contained in rose hips, black currants, citrus fruits, bell pepper, carrots.
Vitamin K Antihemorrhagic vitamin, the main function of which is to normalize blood clotting. It improves tissue regeneration, participates in the synthesis of osteocalcin, and promotes the absorption of calcium by the body. Regulates the amount of glucose in the blood, removes toxic substances. The vitamin norm is 65-80 mcg. Found in vegetable oils, green leafy vegetables, liver, eggs and grains.
Vitamin B. It would be more correct to say a group of vitamins. It is important for the functioning of all systems. Vitamins are practically not retained in the body; replenishment is required every 8-10 hours. They improve the function of the nervous, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems, and participate in the synthesis of a number of hormones and nutrients. Main sources: meat, cereals, fish, offal, cereals. As well as legumes and green leafy vegetables.

Important! Pharmacy complexes for general strengthening of the body are already balanced, but before using them it is better to consult a doctor

Vitamin droppers

As a rule, vitamins for the prevention of diseases are prescribed in tablet or capsule form. Vitamin IV drip transports nutrients around gastrointestinal tract(Gastrointestinal tract). Orally taken drugs have low bioavailability. And intravenous injections allow vitamins to be transported directly into the blood.

Indications for vitamin injections:

Gastrointestinal diseases that interfere with the natural absorption of vitamins from food.
Old age, severe exhaustion and loss of strength.
If it is necessary to strengthen the immune system in a short time (before surgery, during the rehabilitation period).
Intensive physical activity(hard work, power types sports).
Diseases internal organs which are associated with a large loss of energy - hepatitis, bronchial asthma, pneumonia, etc.
If it is not possible to give the patient pills (loss of consciousness, difficulty swallowing).

As a rule, the basis of droppers is saline or glucose solution. Replenishment of nutritional deficiencies is carried out quickly and accurately, and the occurrence of side effects or overdose can be eliminated.

In addition to the general strengthening effect, vitamin droppers can have a detoxifying, restorative, and antianemic effect. In the gastrointestinal tract, some vitamins are lost due to acidic enzymes, but droppers retain everything useful substances.

In order to strengthen the body, it is advisable to pierce the IVs in courses. Most often they are prescribed in the spring or autumn - periods when the body is most exhausted and susceptible to attack by pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

Review of pharmaceutical drugs

Pharmacy counters are replete with various names of vitamin-mineral complexes. They are designed to replenish the lack of micronutrients and minerals in case of hypo- and vitamin deficiency. The most popular complexes are:

Single preparations: contain 1-3 vitamins, aimed at replenishing the deficiency of certain substances in the body. For example: ascorutin, ascorbic acid, AEvit, tocopherol, etc.
Universal complexes: Vitrum, Duovit, Vitakap, Multitabs, Complivit, Alphabet, Centrum, Supradin, etc.
Complexes with targeted action. They include vitamins necessary to support a specific body system. For example, Doppelhertz Active - for the cardiovascular system, Vitrum Beauty - for normalization metabolic processes, improving the condition of skin and hair, Calcemin - to strengthen the musculoskeletal system.
Vitamins for different age categories. Many companies produce complexes that take into account the needs at a certain stage of life. Lines for children, juniors, adults, and seniors are represented by the brands Vitrum, Supradin, MultiTabs, Solgar, Schonen, etc.

Not all people know how to take vitamins correctly. Tips for choosing medicines and myths about their use, see the useful video below.

Performance-enhancing drugs help cope with temporary physical and mental overload, relieve feelings of fatigue, stabilize and harmonize a person’s psycho-emotional state - that is, significantly improve his well-being.

In addition, there are many pharmacological means to increase the body’s adaptive capabilities in situations where, under the influence of certain external negative factors, the autonomic and neuroendocrine regulation of natural physiological processes fails.

However, it must be borne in mind that - in order to avoid negative consequences- performance-enhancing drugs should be used only on the recommendation of a doctor, since many of these drugs have contraindications and serious side effects.

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Indications for the use of performance-enhancing drugs

A decrease in a person’s performance is a clear indication that his body, as they say, has accumulated fatigue from prolonged physical work or (much more often) constant mental stress, from experiencing or suppressing strong emotions, from an irrational regime (in particular, lack of sleep), unhealthy image life, etc. When the feeling of fatigue does not disappear even after rest, doctors note a very common painful condition modern man- chronic fatigue syndrome. And the indications for the use of drugs that increase performance primarily relate to this syndrome, that is, they are aimed at increasing resistance to physical and mental stress.

Drugs that improve mood and performance are also prescribed for autonomic neuroses and asthenic disorders, depression, loss of strength and muscle weakness, and in cases of pathological decrease in the ability to concentrate during work or study. Medications for this pharmacological group effective for cerebral circulation disorders, which are accompanied by dizziness, memory and attention disorders; in states of anxiety, fear, increased irritability; for somatovegetative and asthenic disorders associated with alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

It is almost impossible to list all the names of drugs that enhance performance, but we will look at their main groups and dwell on the use of some of them in more detail.

To increase physical endurance and eliminate the consequences of many painful conditions that reduce the body’s level of adaptability to external factors, drugs from the adaptogen group are used. In order to improve memory and increase mental performance, nootropics (neurometabolic stimulants) are widely used in clinical practice. Moreover, in both cases, doctors prescribe vitamin preparations that increase performance - B vitamins.

Drugs that increase mental performance: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Drugs that increase mental performance, which belong to the group of nootropics, are presented in a wide variety. These are Piracetam, Deanol aceglumate, Picamilon, Calcium hopanthenate, Phenotropil, Cereton and many others.

The pharmacodynamics of performance-enhancing drugs is based on the ability of their active substances to activate metabolism nucleic acids, release of serotonin from sensory neurons, and also stimulate the synthesis of dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine and the main source of intracellular energy - adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP). In addition, drugs in this group increase the synthesis of RNA and proteins in cells. The result of this therapeutic effect is an improvement in the energy state of neurons, increased transmission of nerve impulses and more intense glucose metabolism in the cerebral cortex, subcortical nerve ganglia, cerebellum and hypothalamus.

Also, the pharmacodynamics of performance-enhancing drugs directly affects the normalization of the structure of neuronal cell membranes, and during hypoxia helps reduce the oxygen demand of nerve cells. In general, these drugs make nerve cells more resistant to various negative influences.

The pharmacokinetics of performance-enhancing drugs depends on the biochemical properties of their specific components. Since nootropics are predominantly amino acids and their derivatives, their bioavailability reaches 85-100%. After ingestion, they are well absorbed in the stomach and enter various organs and tissues, including the brain. At the same time, they do not bind to blood plasma proteins, but penetrate through the BBB and placenta, as well as into breast milk. The maximum concentration in blood plasma ranges from 1 to 5 hours, and the time during which the highest concentration of drugs in cells is achieved ranges from 30 minutes to 4 hours.

Most performance-enhancing drugs are not metabolized and are excreted from the body by the kidneys (urine), biliary system (bile), or intestines (feces).

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Piracetam

Piracetam (synonyms - Nootropil, Piramem, Piratam, Cerebropan, Ceretran, Cyclocetam, Cintilan, Dynacel, Oxiracetam, Eumental, Gabacet, Gericytam, Merapiran, Noocephal, Noocebril, Norzetam, etc.) is available in the form of capsules (0.4 g each) , tablets (0.2 g each), 20% solution for injection (5 ml ampoules), as well as granules for children (2 g piracetam each).

It is recommended to take tableted Piracetam 3 times a day, and 2 capsules a day (before meals). After the condition improves, the dosage is reduced to 2 tablets per day. The course of treatment lasts from 6 to 8 weeks (it can be repeated after 1.5-2 months). Method of administration and dosage of Piracetam in granules for children (after 1 year, with cerebrosthenic disorders): 30-50 mg per day (in two doses, before meals).

Deanol aceglumate

Release form of the drug Deanol aceglumate (synonyms - Demanol, Nooclerin) - solution for oral administration. This drug, which improves mood and performance, has a positive effect on the condition of brain tissue, improves well-being in asthenia and depression. Its use is justified if it is necessary to facilitate the processes of memorizing and reproducing significant amounts of information. As experts note, Deanol aceglumate has a positive effect on elderly patients in a number of neurotic conditions caused by organic brain lesions or traumatic brain injuries.

Method of administration and dosage of Deanol aceglumate: for adults, the drug should be taken orally, one teaspoon (5 ml of solution contains 1 g of active substance) 2-3 times a day (the last dose should not be later than 18 hours). The average daily dose is 6 g (with a maximum allowable dose of 10 g, that is, 10 teaspoons). The course of treatment with this drug lasts from one and a half to two months (2-3 courses can be carried out within a year). During treatment, special care should be taken when driving vehicles or operating machinery.

Picamilon

Nootropic drug Picamilon (synonyms - Amylonosar, Picanoyl, Picogam; analogues - Acefen, Vinpocetine, Vinpotropil, etc.) - tablets of 10 mg, 20 mg and 50 mg; 10% solution for injection. The active ingredient nicotinoyl gamma-aminobutyric acid increases brain performance and improves memory by dilating blood vessels and activating cerebral circulation. For strokes, Picamilon improves the condition of patients with movement and speech disorders; effective for migraines, vegetative-vascular dystonia, asthenia and senile depression. For preventive purposes, it can be prescribed to people who are in extreme conditions - to increase resistance to both physical and mental stress.

Method of administration and dosage of Picamilon: it is recommended to take 20-50 mg of the drug twice or three times a day (regardless of meals); the maximum daily dose is 150 mg; Duration of therapy is 30-60 days (a second course of treatment is carried out after six months).

To restore performance, a 45-day course of treatment is indicated - 60-80 mg of the drug per day (in tablets). In severe cases, a 10% solution of the drug is injected dropwise into a vein - 100-200 mg 1-2 times a day for two weeks.

Calcium hopantenate

To restore performance under increased loads, as well as with asthenic syndrome in adults, the drug Calcium hopanthenate (in tablets of 0.25 g) should be taken one tablet three times a day (20-25 minutes after meals, in the morning and afternoon).

Given medicine It is also widely used in the complex treatment of brain dysfunction and congenital brain dysfunction in children with developmental delays (mental retardation), in the treatment of cerebral palsy and epilepsy. The dosage in these cases is 0.5 g 4-6 times a day (treatment lasts at least three months).

When treating with Calcium hopantenate (trade names - Pantocalcin, Pantogam), it is not allowed to simultaneously prescribe other nootropic drugs or drugs that stimulate the central nervous system.

Fenotropil

The drug Phenotropil - release form: tablets of 100 mg - nootropic with active substance N-carbamoyl-methyl-4-phenyl-2-pyrrolidone. Its use is recommended to increase the stability of brain cells and stimulate its cognitive functions, as well as to improve concentration and mood. The drug, like all nootropics, stimulates blood supply to the brain, activates intracellular metabolism and normalizes impaired redox reactions in nervous tissue associated with the breakdown of glucose.

Doctors prescribe Phenotropil (Phenylpiracetam) depending on individual characteristics pathologies and conditions of patients. The average single dose is 100 mg (1 tablet), the tablets are taken 2 times (after meals, morning and afternoon, no later than 15-16 hours). The average daily dose should not exceed 200-250 mg. The duration of the course of therapy is on average 30 days.

Cereton

The therapeutic effect of Cereton (generics - Gleatser, Noocholin Rompharm, Gliatilin, Delecit, Cerepro, Holitylin, Choline alfoscerate hydrate, Choline-Borimed) is provided by its active substance choline alfoscerate, which supplies choline (vitamin B4) directly to brain cells. Choline is needed by the body to produce the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Therefore, the drug Cereton not only normalizes the functioning of receptors and brain cells, but also improves neuromuscular transmission and helps increase the elasticity of neuronal cell membranes.

Indications for the use of this drug include dementia (including senility) and impairment of cognitive functions of the brain, decreased attention, encephalopathy, consequences of stroke and cerebral hemorrhage. Cereton capsules are taken in the indicated cases, one piece 2-3 times during the day (before meals). Treatment can last from 3 to 6 months.

Contraindications to the use of performance-enhancing drugs

It should immediately be noted that the use of performance-enhancing drugs during pregnancy and lactation is contraindicated, although in many cases the tyratogenic and embryotoxic effects of these drugs have not been studied by their manufacturers.

Contraindications to the use of performance-enhancing drugs are as follows:

Piracetam is not used in children under 1 year of age;
The drug Deanol aceglumate is not used for hypersensitivity, infectious diseases of the brain, febrile conditions, blood diseases, renal and liver failure, epilepsy;
Picamilon is contraindicated in case of individual intolerance, acute and chronic forms kidney pathologies;
Cereton cannot be prescribed to patients under 18 years of age, or in the acute stage of stroke;
Acetylaminosuccinic (succinic) acid is not used for angina pectoris and glaucoma;
the drug Pantocrine is contraindicated in atherosclerosis, organic pathologies of the heart, increased blood clotting, inflammatory diseases kidneys (nephritis), as well as stool disorders (diarrhea).
tinctures of ginseng, eleutherococcus and Manchurian aralia are not used in the treatment of children, with acute infectious diseases, bleeding, hypertension, epilepsy, tendency to seizures, insomnia and liver pathologies.

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Side effects of performance-enhancing drugs

When prescribing to patients, doctors should consider side effects performance-enhancing drugs. Namely: Piracetam can cause dizziness, headache, mental agitation, irritability, sleep disturbances, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, cramps; Deanol aceglumate can cause headaches, sleep disturbances, constipation, weight loss, itching, and in elderly patients – depression.

Side effects of the drug Picamilon are expressed in the form of dizziness and headache, irritability, agitation, anxiety, as well as nausea and skin rash with itching. For some, the use of Phenotropil is fraught with insomnia, irritability, dizziness and headache, an unstable state of mind (tearfulness, anxiety, as well as the appearance of delusions or hallucinations).

The drug Cereton has such possible side effects as nausea, headache, cramps, dry mucous membranes, urticaria, insomnia or drowsiness, increased irritability, constipation or diarrhea, cramps, anxiety.

But the side effects of Melatonin occur quite rarely and are expressed in the form of headaches and discomfort in the stomach.

Drugs that increase physical performance

Drugs that increase physical performance include drugs for increasing the overall tone of the body and activating its adaptive abilities, such as Acetylaminosuccinic acid, Melatonin, Calcium glycerophosphate, Pantocrine, alcoholic tinctures of ginseng, Eleutherococcus and other medicinal plants.

Release form Acetylamino succinic acid(succinic acid) – tablets of 0.1 g. General tonic effect this tool is based on its ability to stabilize and simultaneously stimulate neuroregulatory processes of the central nervous system. Thanks to this, taking succinic acid relieves fatigue and removes the depression associated with it.

Method of administration and dosage of Acetylaminosuccinic acid: the usual dose for an adult is 1-2 tablets per day (only after meals, with a glass of water). Children under 6 years old are prescribed 0.5 tablets per day, after 6 years old - a whole tablet (once a day).

The drug Melatonin increases the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotin in the brain and hypothalamus, and also acts as a powerful antioxidant. As a result, this drug is used in the complex treatment of depression and central nervous system disorders, insomnia, and reduced immunity.

Melatonin is prescribed to adults, 1-2 tablets before bedtime. While taking it, you should not drink alcohol or smoke. This medicine is contraindicated for children under 12 years of age; Children over 12 are given one tablet per day (immediately before bedtime).

Calcium glycerophosphate (0.2 and 0.5 g tablets) is used as a performance-enhancing drug due to the fact that this substance can enhance protein synthesis, and more active anabolic processes in the body tissues, in turn, increase the tone of all its systems Therefore, doctors recommend taking Calcium glycerophosphate for general loss of strength, chronic fatigue and nervous exhaustion. In addition, calcium is very useful for strengthening bones.

The drug should be taken one tablet three times a day (before meals), but it should not be combined with acidic foods and drinks, as well as milk.

Pantocrine - a liquid alcohol extract of young (non-ossified) antlers of maral, wapiti and sika deer - is a central nervous system stimulant and is used for asthenic conditions and low blood pressure. Directions for use and dosage: orally, 30-40 drops 30 minutes before meals (2-3 times during the day). The course of treatment lasts 2-3 weeks, repeated courses are carried out after a break of 10 days.

For many decades, drugs that increase physical performance have been represented by the classics - tincture of ginseng (root), Eleutherococcus, Manchurian aralia and Chinese magnolia vine.

The presence of triterpene glycosides in these biogenic stimulants, which affect energy processes in the body, explains their unconditional effectiveness in regulating glucose metabolism. Doctors recommend taking these tinctures for physical and mental fatigue, increased drowsiness and low blood pressure.

Piracetam increases the effectiveness of thyroid hormones, antipsychotic drugs, psychostimulants and anticoagulants;
Picamilon reduces the effect of sleeping pills and enhances the effect of narcotic analgesics;
Calcium hopanthenate prolongs the effect of hypnotics and can also enhance the effects of anticonvulsants and central nervous system stimulants;
taking acetylaminosuccinic acid with sedatives (sedative antidepressants and tranquilizers) can significantly neutralize their effects.
the use of tinctures of ginseng, eleutherococcus and Manchurian aralia enhances the effect of psychostimulant drugs, as well as cordiamine and camphor-containing drugs. And the simultaneous use of tonic tinctures with tranquilizers or anticonvulsants completely blocks the therapeutic effect of the latter.

An overdose of the above drugs can lead to undesirable consequences. In particular, there may be insomnia, increased irritability, trembling of the limbs (tremor), and in patients over 60 years of age - attacks of heart failure and sharp fluctuations in blood pressure.

The storage conditions for performance-enhancing drugs are almost the same and require their storage in a dry place, protected from light, at room temperature (not higher than +25-30°C). Mandatory condition: the place of their storage must be inaccessible to children.

Manufacturers, as expected, indicate the expiration date of these drugs on the packaging.