The most mysterious inventions of the genius Nikola Tesla. Riddles of Nikola Tesla's inventions.

Scientist and inventor Nikola Tesla is Leonardo Da Vinci of the 20th century. He is credited with mysterious inventions, he becomes the hero of science fiction novels and films, his name is shrouded in an aura of mystery. Today, on the birthday of the great Serb, we will remember the most amazing inventions that are attributed to him.

If you rummage through dubious sites that sell all sorts of nonsense, such as "trap for Santa Claus" or "magic ball for communicating with the otherworldly", then sooner or later you will surely come across a relatively inexpensive "Tesla's eternal energy generator." You don't have to be a simpleton - this is deception. If a scientist really invented a source of eternal energy, then we are unlikely to find out about this, since he burned his entire archive under the pretext "humanity is not yet ready for the greatness of my inventions." Nevertheless, the story has come down to us that in 1931 Nicola conducted an interesting experiment. Instead of a traditional combustion engine, he installed a small box in a Pierce-Arrow car with two rods sticking out of it. After that, the car worked without recharging for a whole week. Eyewitnesses say that Tesla managed to accelerate the car to 150 kilometers per hour. And this is hard to believe.

Wireless transmission of electricity at a distance

In the spring of 1908, Tesla wrote in a letter to the editor of the New York Times: “Even now, my wireless power plants can transform any area the globe to an area not suitable for living. " The scientist was hardly bluffing. In any case, regardless of whether it is true or fiction, something incredible happened in Siberia in the summer of June 30 of the same year. Most naively believe that a meteorite fell there, later called "Tunguska". But one of the hypotheses says that there was no fall. And the explosion is a consequence of Nikola's experiments, which consisted in the transfer of energy over long distances. At the same time, supporters of the fantastic assumption claim that the version has evidence. Alternatively, this: on the eve of the fall of the "Tunguska meteorite", in the skies of Canada and Northern Europe, the clouds suddenly became silvery and seemed to be pulsating. This one to one coincides with the accounts of eyewitnesses who previously observed the experiments in his laboratory in Colorado Springs.

Superweapon

In 1958, the American agency DARPA took on a project called Swing. It took almost a decade to implement this operation and about 30 million of the most convertible currency in the world. The project seemed to be a failure, and scientists, together with the warriors, classified its results. Nevertheless, information was leaked to the press that the Americans were trying to recreate the mysterious "death rays" invented by Tesla. For the sake of truth, it should be noted that twenty years before the start of the experiment, when the great scientist was still alive, he offered the US government a superweapon capable of destroying 10,000 aircraft from a distance of 400 kilometers. It is strange that then - on the eve of the Second World War, this invention remained unclaimed by the Americans. The Death Rays are shrouded in a veil of secrecy, but it is known that it was based on a kind of radio frequency oscillator - a device that used the Earth's atmosphere as a source of colossal energy. By the way, there are rumors that, unlike the United States, the USSR became interested in technology, and it seems that they even bought drawings from Tesla for 25 thousand dollars. And, who knows, maybe in the invention of lasers, which are now actively used in both secular and military industries, there is a fraction of the genius of the great Serb.

Philadelphia experiment

Another mystery, closely associated with the name of the great scientist and found reflection in science fiction literature and cinema, is called the "Philadelphia Experiment". They say that before the Second World War, Tesla did cooperate with the militarists, in particular, with the US naval forces. For them, Nikola developed a project that was supposed to create a technology for the "invisibility" of naval ships for enemy radars. And it seems that he did not have enough literally a year to conduct an experimental confirmation of his theory: in the midst of the Great Patriotic War, in January 1943, the heart of the genius stopped beating. However, ten months after the death of the creator of the technology, the Americans seem to have implemented Tesla's idea in practice. With the help of Nikola's generators, they managed to create an electromagnetic shield around the destroyer Eldridge. But, again, according to rumors, the ship not only disappeared from the radar, but also became invisible to human eyes - it simply disappeared. The ship was discovered two hundred kilometers from the site of the experiment. At the same time, the members of the Eldridge crew received significant mental disorders.

Parapsychology and clairvoyance

Believe it or not, Tesla's contemporaries were not surprised when they passed from mouth to mouth the story that Tesla takes his inventions from somewhere outside - either from a parallel space, or from the future. This, of course, looks like a ridiculous joke, but the scientist himself has repeatedly made very unexpected statements on this matter. For example, a letter from a scientist to a friend has survived, where he writes that while studying high-frequency currents, he came across something fantastic: “I discovered a thought. And soon you will be able to personally read your poems to Homer, and I will discuss my discoveries with Archimedes himself. " In any case, even if we discard mysticism, it should still be noted that Tesla's genius was a mystery for his contemporaries and remains a mystery for us - descendants. Where did he get his ideas? How did you reach an understanding of seemingly meaningless things? How was he able to get to the bottom of the forces hidden from human eyes. It seems that in his research he was really ahead of his time. By the way, the famous Indian philosopher Vivekananda, who visited the United States in order to find out the possibility of uniting all existing religions, visited Nikola Tesla in his laboratory in New York in 1906. After the meeting, he wrote a letter to his Indian friend Alasing, where he enthusiastically talked about his acquaintance: “This man is different from all Western people. He demonstrated his experiments with electricity, which he treats as a living being, with whom he talks and gives orders ... There is no doubt that he has a spirituality of the highest level and is able to recognize all our gods. "

In general, truth is gracefully intertwined with fiction, and the riddles of a century ago remain unanswered. And, perhaps, in fact, the time has not yet come for us to understand and comprehend the full depth of the great genius of Nikola Tesla. Wait and see.

We present to you some of the most amazing inventions of Nikola Tesla. All of them are remarkable in that they have had or can have an incredible impact on our lives. Alternating current This invention ...

We present to you some of the most amazing inventions of Nikola Tesla. All of them are remarkable in that they have had or can have an incredible impact on our lives.

Alternating current

This invention caused a stir at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. It marked the beginning of an irreconcilable war between the views of Edison and Tesla on how electricity should be produced and distributed. Moreover, this division can be described in terms of cost and safety: direct current, the idea of \u200b\u200bwhich was supported by Edison (and General Electric), was expensive to transmit over long distances and produced dangerous discharges on the converter (switch) required for its operation. However, Edison and those who supported him managed to use these "dangers" of electric current to instill in the public fear of Tesla's alternative - alternating current. To support his words, Edison sometimes demonstrated the killing of animals with electric shocks.

As a result, Edison gave the world the electric chair, while at the same time slandering Tesla's attempts to give the world a safer, cheaper alternative. Tesla's response to this was his famous demonstrations of the complete safety of electricity, when he passed current through his own body to ignite electric lamps... This standoff between Edison and Tesla (as well as GE and Westinghouse) in 1893 was the culmination of more than a decade of dark deals, stolen ideas, and patent machinations that Edison and his investors undertook to suppress Tesla's inventions. But, nevertheless, it was Tesla's invention that eventually began to be used to generate and supply electricity to our homes.

Electrical engine

Tesla's invention electric motor was popularized by the famous electric car that bears his name. Without going into technical details that go far beyond the scope of this article, suffice it to say that Tesla's invented motor that operates in rotating magnetic fields could very quickly free humanity from the power of Big Oil. But, unfortunately, in 1930 this invention fell victim to the economic crisis and the World War that followed. However, it changed the world forever in many ways that we now take for granted: industrial fans, home electronics, water pumps, electrical tools, disk drives, electronic clocks, compressors, and more.

Robotics

Tesla's incredibly inventive scientific mind led him to the idea that all living things act under the influence of external impulses. He argued: “With every thought and every action, I demonstrated with the greatest satisfaction and continue to do this every day that I am just an automaton with the ability to move, which only reacts to external stimuli.”This is how the concept of a robot was born. However, the human element should have been preserved in this case - and Tesla insisted that these human replicas should have certain restrictions, namely, on growth and reproduction.

X-rays

Electromagnetic and ionizing radiation were studied closely in the late 1800s, but Tesla explored their entire gamut. Everything from the forerunner of Kirlian photography, which has the ability to capture life force, to the radiations that we currently use in medical diagnostics, are all transformations of the invention in which Tesla played a key role. X-rays, like many of Tesla's other discoveries, stemmed from his belief that everything we need to understand the universe is always around us, and we just have to use our minds to develop devices that can enhance our inner perception of reality. ...

There are few people who have not heard of such a person as Nikola Tesla. Secret inventions, secrets, interesting experiments and discoveries ahead of their time - this is what immediately comes to mind. The scientist's personality is also mysterious. Who was this man - a madman or a genius?

Birth and childhood

Most people know about Leonardo da Vinci, who is considered a genius. And, perhaps, Nikola Tesla became his worthy successor at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The biography of this scientist always begins the same: he was born on July 10, 1856 in the mountain village of Smilyan, which at that time was in the Austrian Empire, and now belongs to Croatia. Nikola was the fourth child in the family of a Serbian Orthodox priest, and after the death of his older brother in an accident in 1861, he remained the only son. He finished his first grade here, in the village where he was born.

Later, the family moved to Gospic - more big Citywhere the future great scientist Nikola Tesla finished three more classes primary school... In 1873 he received a certificate of maturity after studying at the Higher Real School in Karlovac. His family remained in Gospic, where he returned after completing his basic education.

Education and further work

Having recovered from cholera and avoiding the obligation to do military service, having escaped to the mountains, Nikola thought about further education. Despite the fact that the father wanted his son to follow in his footsteps, Nicola preferred natural Sciences, to which gravitated for a long time. In 1875 he entered the Higher Technical School in Graz and focused on the study of electrical engineering. After working for some time as a teacher in Gospic, where his family lived, he left for Prague to continue his education. But he studied at the Faculty of Philosophy for only a semester, after which he began looking for work.

In 1879 he got a job at the telegraph company in Budapest, where he worked for the next three years. At the same time, he began his own research in the field of electrical engineering. In 1882, Tesla moved to France and moved to the Paris branch of the Continental Company of Edison, and two years later he quit because he did not receive the expected bonus for the introduction of some extremely useful innovations.

Emigration to the USA

After a while, he returned to the same company, but now he flew to New York. Officially, his position was called "engineer for the repair of electric motors and in 1885 Edison offered Nicolas to improve some devices for a prize of 50 thousand. The young scientist enthusiastically got down to business and after a while offered several solutions to the problem, but he never received the money. Refused to pay. them, saying that it was just a joke.Tesla immediately quit and founded his own company.

By that time, he had already received some fame and had enough

big amount patents. By selling them, he received enough money to equip an excellent laboratory for further development. In 1899, Nikola Tesla, whose biography is still of interest to people all over the world, moved to the city of Colorado Springs, located in the central part of the United States. Subsequently, this settlement became famous, not least due to the fact that for a long time the laboratory of a famous scientist was located here. At the end of the same year, another laboratory was opened - this time in New York. But soon, due to a lack of funds, it had to be closed.

Areas of work

This scientist left behind numerous works and secrets. Nikola Tesla was one of the greatest minds of his time, and yet some people think that this man was a crazy charlatan, hungry for fame and money. This is not entirely true, since the scientist's lifestyle does not confirm this.

Tesla was interested in many scientific fields, but he was primarily interested in electrical engineering and electronics. In addition, he was engaged in research in various fields of physics and engineering. In relation to this, he was also interested in the processes occurring in the atmosphere, in addition, he studied the phenomenon of resonance. As a result, the works of Nikola Tesla gave a powerful impetus to the development of many disciplines, and his developments are relevant even today, especially this

concerns lesser known and literally mythical inventions. In addition, not all of the scientist's manuscripts have survived to this day. First, the Serb simply burned some of the records, considering his inventions too dangerous for humanity, and some of the works of Nikola Tesla, it is believed, were seized by the US government after the death of the genius.

Developments and achievements

Over the entire period of his scientific career, the scientist received several hundred patents around the world, about a hundred of them in the United States. Since his main area of \u200b\u200binterest was electrical engineering, the works and inventions of Nikola Tesla were mainly concerned with the study of electric current and various devices.

Perhaps the most significant of his developments were the following:

• Study of alternating current. He studied the effect of electricity on the body, experimenting on himself, and thus laid the foundation for modern safety technology, as well as new methods of treatment. In addition, he invented high-frequency current generators and a transformer, which many still call simply
• He described the phenomenon of rotating magnetic field, thereby complementing the field theory. Created multiphase electric cars, received patents for them.
• In an effort to improve the light bulb invented by Edison, he created neon and fluorescent lamps.
• Created the first wave radio transmitter, worked on the transmission of signals and energy wirelessly.
• He invented a water pump, and on its basis - a dynamo.
• Constructed an asynchronous motor.

It was Tesla's company in 1893 that received the right to deal with the lighting of a large fair in Chicago. Before that, not a single similar project of comparable scale has been implemented.

The Wardencliffe project is also widely known. To implement it Tesla turned to a banker for financing and received a huge amount at that time, as well as a piece of land on Long Island. It was assumed that the scientist will be engaged in the creation of a new type of communication that does not require wires and allows you to transmit various information over great distances. A tower was built and a series of experiments were carried out, after which the investor stopped funding due to the fact that the scientist misinformed him about the area of \u200b\u200bhis work - the banker was not at all interested in the transfer of electricity from one continent to another. An expensive project was closed, and this marked the beginning of the end of the scientist's career.

In addition to fairly well-known inventions and works, there were others - unconfirmed, incomprehensible and mysterious. They were so incomprehensible to the inventor's contemporaries that they said that the scientist had sold his soul to the devil. No documentary evidence has survived, but there are still rumors about Tesla's involvement in the Tunguska explosion, the invention of an electric car that takes energy literally from nowhere, and other equally mysterious devices and experiments.

Personality

Even as a child, Tesla was distinguished by some oddities. Pearls, peaches, sheets of paper, which were dipped in water, caused an inadequate reaction in him. Also, the child loved to read and had an excellent memory. The boy loved outdoor games, and later - sports competitions. It is unlikely that then someone could predict that in the future his work will become world famous.

It was strange that even in his youth, Nikola was distinguished by his seriousness. He devoted himself entirely to science and in life was a lonely person. He never married and gave up his personal life altogether. After gaining fame, Tesla was popular with women; they often fell hopelessly in love with a scientist. And this is no wonder - he was distinguished by a rather presentable appearance, and besides, it was none other than the famous inventor Nikola Tesla. The biography of the scientist has been repeatedly studied by historians, and most of them came to the conclusion that his rejection of his personal life was absolute. But there were platonic hobbies - so, he kept the scarf of the great Sarah Bernhardt, whom he met several times.

Despite the fact that Nikola Tesla's inventions are of great interest, his very figure remains rather mysterious to this day. Unlike many other engineers, a scientist initially designed all his inventions in his mind, only then tested his thoughts and ideas in practice. This method is quite unusual and not suitable for everyone. He worked on himself and constantly studied, not knowing tiredness and not giving himself a break. The researcher tested everything, even the most seemingly absurd, his ideas and relied on intuition. It is this perseverance, lively mind, curiosity and self-confidence that gave rise to some of the famous inventions of Nikola Tesla. However, he paid

attention and physical health. Perhaps this is what allowed the scientist to live to a fairly old age.

In addition, Tesla was characterized by a certain, to put it mildly, eccentricity. So, he did not tolerate handshakes and generally contact with people. The staff of the hotel where the scientist lived could not approach him at close range. But he loved pigeons, fed them and talked to them. Birds and science replaced women for him, he did not even think about marriage.

The scientist also had a penchant for some eccentricity. He wore collars and gloves exactly once and after that he ruthlessly threw them away. And from his performances at exhibitions, he sometimes made real shows. So, in 1893, in order to prove that the statement about the danger of alternating current for humans is incorrect, Tesla passed about two million volts through his body. And while not only survived, despite fears, but remained completely unharmed. As this story perfectly shows, Tesla, one might say, sought to demonstrate the results of his developments as clearly and effectively as possible. Some shocking was not alien to him.

End of life

Despite the fact that the developments of Nikola Tesla were not distinguished by safety, this was not what killed the scientist. At a fairly old age, just before the outbreak of World War II, he was hit by a car, and he received a fractured ribs. The scientist was bedridden for a long time and was very worried about his homeland, which, of course, did not add to his health. In early January 1943, the scientist died in a hotel room in New York. Heart failure was named as the official cause of death. Tesla was 86 years old.

The body was cremated, and the ashes are now in the Belgrade museum named after him. Without leaving behind a monetary inheritance, since he spent all his funds on development and experiments, the scientist gave his descendants something more valuable - knowledge that was ahead of his time by tens and hundreds of years.

Significance in history, use of works

It is believed that the brilliant scientist Nikola Tesla, whose biography and inventions are still the subject of careful study, was long ahead of his time and

laid the foundation for the development of modern electrical technologies.

Without his discoveries, the world, perhaps, would have been somewhat different, because some things that have already become familiar would not exist, and technical progress could have followed a different path. Some of his developments, records of which have not survived, anticipated the inventions of recent years and decades. So, one of the last patents obtained by a scientist contained information about an aircraft that combined the features of an airplane and a helicopter. Who knows, maybe soon such a device will be designed and will firmly enter life. Tesla himself simply did not have enough money to build a prototype.

Radar, remote remote control, some - this is just a small list of what would have to do without if the Serbian genius had not made his great discoveries. And one can only imagine how many of them there would be, if people were a little more serious about him. That there is only the famous fuel-free Tesla engine. The circuit of this device is the subject of the work of many scientists and just enthusiasts, because it should be quite simple, since it could be designed with that level of technology. In addition, the question of the source of energy that fed Nikola Tesla's generator remains open. According to the scientist himself, it was ether. Was this a joke of the public by a genius or was it something that is not yet available to modern physicists and engineers? In any case, the followers are still trying to repeat some of the experiments and developments of the scientist, based on the description of the experiments. Unfortunately, few can boast of at least some success.

Nikola Tesla's experiments brought the world many wonderful devices, gave development to many branches of physics and moved science forward. And the world is still wondering whether this person was a genius or crazy - his interests, experiences and developments were so unusual. Perhaps that is why people still have not forgotten Nikola Tesla.

Secret inventions

The name of the scientist was surrounded by numerous rumors. His figure was always fanned with a kind of aura of mystery, which only added to his popularity. And not the least role in this was played by amazing inventions and experiments, which at the current level of development of science are still impossible to explain or repeat.

Popular rumor makes the most incredible and widest lists, which include the secret and literally mythical inventions of Nikola Tesla. The most famous among them is the legendary death ray, about which amazing legends still circulate. There is a version according to which initially it was about some kind of concentrated energy that could put an end to the war. Later, newspapermen somewhat distorted the words of the scientist, and this is how the most famous legend about the death ray appeared, which can shoot down planes at a great distance and kill hundreds of thousands of soldiers. It is now impossible to say exactly what the device that Tesla was talking about was now - after his death, all documents related to his developments disappeared. And even during his lifetime, he did not provide any evidence of the existence of "death rays".

Popular rumor also attributes to the scientist an important role in the Tunguska phenomenon. As you know, the case that occurred on June 30, 1908 was never fully investigated, it is believed that the cause of the powerful explosion was a meteorite, but its remains were not found. According to one version, everything that happened is the result of one of Tesla's experiments on the transmission of energy over a distance. If so, then, perhaps, it can be considered successful.

In addition, there is much talk about Tesla's participation in the famous Philadelphia experiment, during which the ship and about two hundred people on it moved several kilometers in space. The US Navy has denied conducting such an experiment, so the rumors about it are more likely to be urban legends. Be that as it may, the participation of the Serbian genius in the Philadelphia experiment is more than doubtful, because it is believed that it was carried out in October 1943, and the scientist died in early January.

It was also said a lot about the fact that Tesla achieved certain success in creating structures from cold plasma. Allegedly, the scientist received about the size of a soccer ball, could easily carry them in his hands, put them in a box, and at the same time remained unharmed. The structures were stable for several minutes. There is reason to believe that this was, of course, no exact information. Most likely, people are just used to associating the most mysterious and unusual rumors with what Nikola Tesla was doing. It seems like everyone just wants to believe in miracles.

Cultural references, memorialization

The mysterious figure of the physicist continues to excite the minds of ordinary people even now. Great heritage, strange behavior, extreme secrecy - all this helps Tesla to remain in human memory even many decades after his death.

Thus, the scientist appeared in the film "Prestige", which tells the story of two rival magicians. And interest in his inventions, appearing in the film, is only warmed up - they are so mysterious, although it is obvious that this is an artistic fiction. In fact, in his life, the scientist has never worked on the problem of teleportation of people. At least there was never any exact information about this.

Streets in several cities and an airport are named after him. He appears on Serbian banknotes and commemorative coins, and monuments have been erected to him. In addition, the innovative American electric vehicle company took its name from the man who created the prototype for the electric motor. It's not hard to guess that the company is called Tesla Motors. And she is already known all over the world.

In addition, many devices are still in common use simply bearing the name of their inventor, who was Nikola Tesla. The coil, generator, engine and many other devices help to preserve the name of the Serbian genius in human memory.

And, perhaps, the main tribute to the memory of the great scientist - in the SI system, the unit of measurement of magnetic induction is called "tesla". So this mysterious genius will remain in people's minds for a long time. And who knows how his developments will be used in the future. Perhaps, even with the current development of science, it is not yet possible to fully appreciate the entire legacy.

One of the brightest, most interesting and controversial personalities among physicists is Nikola Tesla... For some reason he is slightly favored on the pages of school physics textbooks, although without his works, discoveries and inventions it is difficult to imagine the existence of seemingly ordinary things, such as, for example, the presence of electric current in our sockets. Like Lomonosov, Nikola Tesla was ahead of his time and did not receive the well-deserved recognition during his lifetime, however, to this day, his works are not appreciated.

Nikola Tesla

It all began in 1856 in the small village of Smiliany (currently located in Croatia): a fourth son was born into the family of a Serbian Orthodox priest, who was christened Nikola. Having learned to read, the boy literally "swallowed" books one after another, often reading even at night.

Tesla's parental home and the church where his father served

As a student at the University of Prague, already in his second year young Tesla puts forward an idea induction generator alternating current. However, the university professors considered the idea to be extravagance and delusion. But this negative verdict of pundits only spurred the inventor, and already in 1882 a working model was built.

Eager to embody his brainchild in a real industrial installation, Tesla leaves for the USA and goes straight from the ship to the then famous Edison - the inventor of the carbon microphone, light bulb, phonograph and dynamo. Thanks to the patents received for these inventions, Edison at that time had already managed to become famous and rich.

Edison listened to the young emigrant, and although he reacted to his idea rather coolly, he still offered him a job in his laboratory. The cool attitude to the idea of \u200b\u200ban alternator was explained simply: all Edison's inventions and scientific developments were based on the use of direct current. He didn't want to hear about alternating current!

But already in October 1887without stopping working for Edison, Nikola Tesla managed to get a patent for his invention! Edison “sensed” a dangerous competitor and publicly began to criticize him. The scientists parted as enemies. Tesla found himself on the street without work and without money.

But the talent was lucky! Having managed to interest some businessmen, Tesla soon opens his own company. Tesla Electric Light Company, signs a contract with Westinghouse Electric, a millionaire firm, and even participates in the construction of a hydroelectric power station at Niagara Falls! Inspired by success, Tesla continues his research in 1888 year he discovers the phenomenon rotating magnetic field, creates power generators of high and ultrahigh frequency. IN 1891 a resonant transformer was built by him, making it possible to obtain high-frequency voltage with an amplitude of up to several million volts.

Nikola Tesla in the turbine room of the Niagara HPP

90s of the XIX century were marked by an irreconcilable struggle between the two companies. On the one hand it was General Electric, advocating the interests of Edison, who is an adherent of the use of direct current. He was opposed by the company Westinghouse Electric, which created its products on the basis of numerous patents of Nikola Tesla in the field of alternating current.

This period went down in the history of industry as "Period of transformer battles"... The journalists hired by General Electric spread in the press about alternating current all sorts of fables. In 1887, in New Jersey, Edison performed for a long time in front of the public, denigrating his competitors Tesla and Westinghouse, and then connected a metal plate to a generator manufactured by Westinghouse Electric that generates a current of 1000 volts, on which he had previously placed a dozen animals. The animals died.

June 4, 1888 year the New York authorities passed a law establishing a new type of death penalty by means of electric current. However, the legalists still could not come to a consensus as to which type of current was preferable. Edison pushed for the "alternating current" electric chair. He believed that a normal person would not want to use a device "made according to the technology of the electric chair."

Tesla's public physical experiments on World's Fair of 1893 in Chicago... The surprised audience watched as the experimenter passed an electric current with a voltage of two million volts... In theory, there should be no coal left from the experimenter. In addition, in numerous speeches, Edison stated that alternating current high voltage will kill anyone who touches the wires! But Tesla, as if nothing had happened, stood with a smile, holding in his hands ... Edison's burning bulbs !!!

Tesla demonstrates glowing lamps

Tesla at the stand at the 1893 exhibition

In the end, the development of Tesla and other scientists in the field of single-phase transformers opened the way for the construction of power plants and transmission lines. single-phase current, which has become widely used in industry and for household electrical lighting.

Tesla continued his scientific research with manic tenacity. Some of his ideas were embodied in the form of numerous patents for inventions.

In a lecture held in 1893 year at Franklin University (Philadelphia, USA) Tesla spoke about the possibility of practical application of electromagnetic waves. "I would like to say a few words about the subject that is always on my mind, which affects the well-being of all of us. I mean the transmission of meaningful signals, perhaps even energy at any distance without wires at all. Every day I am everything. more convinced of the practical feasibility of this scheme. "

These claims were not unfounded. Back in 1891, while experimenting with high-frequency oscillations, the scientist created one of the most original devices of his time. Tesla managed to combine the properties of a transformer and the phenomenon of resonance in one device. This is how the famous resonance transformer was created, which played a huge role in the development of many branches of electrical engineering, radio engineering and is widely known as " tesla transformer".

When creating a resonance transformer, one more practical problem had to be solved: to find insulation for EHV coils. Tesla took up the problems of the theory of insulation breakdown and, on the basis of this theory, found the best way insulate the turns of the coils - immerse them in paraffin, linseed or mineral oil, now called transformer oil. Later, Tesla once again returned to the development of electrical insulation issues and made very important conclusions from his theory.

The inventor proposed the use of a resonance transformer to excite a radiator that was raised high above the ground and capable of transmitting high-frequency energy without wires. In modern terminology, it was an antenna! Thus, a few years before Popov and Marconi, the idea of \u200b\u200bwireless communication had already been implemented. Looking ahead, I will say that in 1943 the US Supreme Court confirmed Tesla's priority in the invention of radio.

In September 1898 Madison Square Garden, New York, hosted the annual electrical show. A large pool was arranged in the center of the hall. On one of its walls, they made a pier, to which a small, at first glance strange, ship with a long thin metal rod in the middle and metal tubes ending in electric bulbs at the stern and at the bow was moored. Crowds of spectators gathered at the unusual exhibit. With a signal from the control panel, the scientist made the boat sail at different speeds forward and backward, perform complex maneuvers, lit and extinguished the electric lamps on the bow and stern.

Tesla's Remotely Operated Ship

The radio signals from the console were received by an antenna installed on the ship, and then transmitted inside it, where some devices obediently carried out all Tesla's orders. That is, saying modern language, it was the first radio-controlled model. In addition to the radio receiver and the electric motor, there were electrical circuits, decoding signals from the control panel and, depending on the nature of the signal, including one or another mode of engine operation, bulbs. And this is just a year after Marconi received a patent for a radio receiver!

"This invention of mine can be useful in many ways. Such ships or vehicles can be used to establish communications in inaccessible areas in order to study them or carry out various scientific, technical and commercial tasks", - was written in the description of the patent obtained by Tesla on it's an invention. However, Tesla was not interested in radio as a means of communication; he was completely carried away by the idea of \u200b\u200btransmitting energy to any part of the planet without wires.

In 1899 year in the mountainous region of Colorado with the financial support of friends, Tesla organized a scientific laboratory. There, being at an altitude of two thousand meters above sea level, he began to study lightning discharges and establish the presence electric charge land. He created the original design of the "amplifying transmitter", which resembles a transformer and allows receiving voltages up to several million volts at frequency up to 150 thousand periods per second. A 60 meter mast was connected to this transmitter. Turning on the transmitter caused lightning strikes up to 135 feet in length in the atmosphere.

Colorado Springs laboratory (outside and inside)

In one of his experiments, Tesla attached a device to an iron beam in the attic of the building that housed his laboratory. After a while, the walls of houses several miles from the laboratory began to vibrate, and people ran out into the street in panic. Due to the huge lightning that often occurred over the mast, the locals dubbed the scientist "the mad inventor". And when the strange vibrations of houses began, people immediately suspected Tesla of this. Police and reporters were called. Tesla managed to turn off and destroy his device, realizing in time that it could cause a serious disaster. "I could bring down the Brooklyn Bridge in an hour," he later admitted.

The experiments had to be stopped. In addition, Tesla received financial support. John Pierpont Morgan - one of the millionaires of that time, who became interested in his developments. With the allocated money, a laboratory for transmitting signals to Europe was built in New York on Long Island, and a 57-meter-high tower was erected next to it with a steel shaft 36 meters buried in the ground. This tower was crowned with a 55-ton metal dome with a diameter of 20 meters. The scientific project was named. Tesla cherished the dream, in addition to transmitting signals, to seriously engage in the implementation of the transmission of energy over a distance.

Wardenclyffe laboratory in New York

But the radio communication system developed Marconi, turned out to be cheaper than the grandiose Wardenclyffe, and the project had to be scrapped. According to Tesla, by that time he had almost finished developing his transmitter and needed only a spectacular demonstration test.

In this regard, one cannot fail to mention the theory according to which the cause of the explosion over Podkamennaya Tunguska in Russia in 1905 ( t. n. Tunguska meteorite) were tests of the energy transmitter created by Tesla. This is described in more detail in V. Polyakov's article "The Tunguska catastrophe - the work of human hands?" ... The Wardenclyffe tower stood until 1915. 1st started World War and by order of the federal government, it was blown up to avoid being used for espionage purposes. For a long time Tesla could not come to terms with the thought of this.

The scientific community, in the end, decided to recognize the merits of Tesla and his enormous contribution to physics. His longtime rival was not forgotten either. The award Nobel Prize for 1915 caused general bewilderment: it had to be divided between two people, sharply different both in their personal qualities and in the results of their labors: Tesla and Edison - these are two Nobel Prize winners, announced in the fall of 1915. But Tesla refused the prize, although at this time he was already in dire need of money, since all his funds were invested in the failed Wardenclyffe project. The refusal was due to two reasons: he basically did not want to share this recognition of his merits with Edison.

As time went on, Tesla grew old, but did not abandon his dream of transferring energy wirelessly. IN 1931 year with the support of Pierce-Arrow Co. and General Electric, Tesla removed the gasoline engine from the new Pierce-Arrow car and replaced it with a standard 80 hp AC electric motor. (1800 rpm) without any conventional external power supplies.

According to eyewitnesses, at a local radio store, he bought 12 vacuum tubes, some wires, a handful of variegated resistors, and assembled the whole thing in a box 60 cm long, 30 cm wide and 15 cm high with a pair of 7.5 cm long rods sticking out from the outside. Reinforcing the box behind the driver's seat, he extended the rods and announced "Now we have energy." After that, he drove the car for a week, driving it at speeds up to 150 km / h.

To all questions: where does the electric motor get its energy from? Tesla replied: "From the ether around us all." Not believing his words, the townsfolk spread rumors that the scientist, one way or another, in alliance with dark forces. This made Tesla angry, he removed the mysterious box from the car and returned to his laboratory in New York. The secret of the source of energy has remained unsolved to this day.

The last years of Tesla's life are also shrouded in mystery. It is known that he was engaged in research in the American military corporation RCA... What kind of research was it? It is known for sure that he led the project N.Terbo (this was his mother's maiden name). Other sources mention the Rainbow project.

The great scientist died in 1943 almost without leaving behind records, diaries and research results.

Not everything is clear about Tesla's scientific heritage. Some of his friends and biographers claimed that Tesla destroyed most of his records at the beginning of World War II, realizing that humanity was not ready to use his discoveries and that they, used as a powerful weapon, could do more harm than good. Some of Tesla's contemporaries who worked with him in his last years, claims that the physicist's archive was confiscated by the special services immediately after his death.

Be that as it may, but the fact remains: the results of Tesla's fantastic research have disappeared. They are called fantastic for a reason, just remember that the infamous Philadelphia Experiment was carried out within the framework of the "Rainbow" project. On uS Navy destroyer "Eldridge" equipment was installed to generate a protective field, which makes the ship invisible to radars. But something incomprehensible happened: the ship became invisible not only to radars, but also to the human eye.

There are eyewitness reports that the Eldridge instantly moved in space from one coast of America to another. It is also reported that part of the crew died, some disappeared without a trace, and the survivors spent the rest of their lives in mental hospitals. The results of the experiment were classified. Nobody knows what it really was. The author of the phantasmagoria, able to explain what had happened, was no longer alive. Albert Einstein also took part in the project, but he is said to have destroyed his last works as well.

Destroyer "Eldridge"

How far Tesla's developments in the field of wireless power transmission have advanced, we can only guess. But just imagine how beautiful his idea was, and how the world would change if it was realized! The only opportunity to give up the use of internal combustion engines in vehicles is worth something! This would solve most of the environmental problems in modern cities.

But until the riddles of the great Tesla have not been solved ...

Dmitry Zhuvanov.

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In addition to his inventions, Nikola Tesla became famous for advocating the development of modern alternating current (AC) in the power supply system.

Many of Tesla's incredible developments in electromagnetism were based on theories created by Michael Faraday. Nikola Tesla's patents and theoretical work also formed the basis for the development of wireless communications and radio.

In this article on our website, we have presented photographs and detailed information about the most important inventions of Nikola Tesla.

The Wardencliff Tower (1901-1917), also known as Tesla's Tower, was a pioneering idea from the inventor. This tower was to be the first wireless telecommunications tower designed for commercial transatlantic wireless communications and broadcasting. This invention was to prove that broadcast transmission is possible with connecting wires.

Unfortunately, the construction of the tower was never completed due to financial problems: the tower never fully functioned.

The Wardenclyffe Tower is named after James S. Worden, who bought the land on which the tower was built. The tower was located in Shoreham, Long Island, New York.

Construction of the Wardencliff Tower began in 1901. The project was funded by J.P. Morgan. In 1902, Nikola Tesla moved his operating laboratory from Houston Street to Wardencliff. Although construction of the tower was almost complete, it was still unable to function due to recent design changes. J.P. Morgan was unhappy with the fact that the tower could not function properly.

As a result, the construction of the tower exceeded the costs that the investors were ready to allocate for the project, and as a result, the tower was never completed.

In 1905, the project was completely abandoned due to lack of financial support.

In September 1927, during World War I, the Wardencliff Tower was blown up with dynamite. It was demolished by order of the US government, which feared that German spies might use it as a reference point for the submarine.

The site where the tower once stood was declared historic in 1967.

Initially, in 1892, Nikola Tesla worked out the idea of \u200b\u200ba rotating magnetic field, and in 1893 he invented the induction motor.

An induction motor is a type of alternating current where power is supplied to the rotor by electromagnetic induction... Asynchronous motors are widely used in the manufacture of industrial drives, in particular multiphase asynchronous motors.

In an asynchronous motor, the stator is powered from the AC mains. The stator is designed to generate a magnetic field that rotates in time with the alternating current oscillations. In an induction motor, the rotor rotates more slowly than the stator field. The magnetic field, passing through the rotor, changes (rotates). Rotor asynchronous motor has rims in the form of closed wire loops. An alternating magnetic flux induces currents in the windings, as in a transformer, and these currents create their own magnetic fields. These magnetic fields interact with the stator field to generate torque to turn on the rotor.

In order to induce currents, the speed of the physical rotor must be less than the rotational speed of the stator magnetic field, otherwise the magnetic field will not move relative to the rotor conductors and currents will not be induced.

The synchronous speed of an AC motor is the rotational speed of the magnetic field created by the stator.

Tesla Coil - a type of transformer resonant circuit, was invented by Nikola Tesla in 1891. Tesla coil is used to produce high voltage, low current and high frequency AC electricity. Tesla coil gives more currentthan other high voltage discharge sources. Nikola Tesla used these coils to conduct innovative experiments with electric lighting, phosphorescence, generation x-ray, high frequency alternating current, electrotherapy and wireless transmission of electrical energy.

The Tesla coil circuit was used commercially: spark radio transmitters for wireless telegraphy were produced: they were used until the 1920s. Coils have also been used in pseudo-medical equipment (electrotherapy, UV-emitting devices). Today Tesla coil is mainly used in entertainment and educational displays.

Alternating current (AC)

In alternating current, the movement of an electric charge periodically changes its direction. IN direct current the flow of electric charge moves in only one direction.

Alternating current (AC current) is a form of electricity that is delivered to homes and offices. Nikola Tesla has developed a modern AC power supply system.

Modern radio

For the first time, radio began to function as wireless telegraphy. There is a lot of controversy over who can actually claim to be the inventor of radio. At that time, it became a major economic and political issue.

In 1891 Nikola Tesla began his research on radio and its applications. In 1892, he gave a lecture at the Institute of Electrical Engineers in London: in his lecture, he suggested that information could be transmitted without the use of wires. The transmission and emission of radio frequency energy became a feature of Tesla's experiments: he suggested that they could be used for telecommunication information.

Nikola Tesla has two major radio patents in the United States.

There is still a debate over who deserves the title of radio inventor. Many believe that several people contributed to the invention of radio. Many believe that it was Tesla who made the most significant contribution to the creation of radio.

In 1898, Tesla demonstrated a radio-controlled ship at Madison Square Garden, which employed a secure connection between transmitter and receiver. From 1895 to 1897 Nikola Tesla received wireless signals transmitted over short distances.

Tesla believed that once electricity can be transmitted wirelessly over long distances.

Many people believe that Nikola Tesla was the true inventor of fluorescent lighting. Tesla preferred to call them phosphorescent lamps. The inventor's research into methods for processing high-voltage HF power supplies led to the creation of the first high-efficiency and high-frequency control gear illumination.

Only in the late 1980s. more powerful high-frequency ballasts appeared, which bore a resemblance to the centenary invention of Nikola Tesla: they began to be used more and more often.

Death ray

The death ray (or as it is sometimes called, the death ray) is a theoretical particle beam or electromagnetic weapon that was used from 1920 to 1930. It was allegedly created by Nikola Tesla and other inventors.

Around 1918, Tesla apparently used a laser-like apparatus with which he directed beams at the moon. After studying his work, many came to the conclusion that the lamp with a button invented by him had all the ingredients for creating a laser beam.

This button lamp has been designed in such a way that if a material such as graphite, diamond or ruby \u200b\u200bis placed in its center, and then the button with electrical energy, the material will bounce from the button to the inside of the cap, and then back to the button. If Nikola Tesla worked with the ruby, then he invented the precise technology of the ruby \u200b\u200blaser. In his scientific papers, Tesla indicated that with the help of this device he managed to create a beam as thin as a pencil.

Many people are convinced that it was Tesla who invented the ruby \u200b\u200blaser in 1893.

It is believed that in 1918 the inventor used exactly the same or similar technology when he sent a laser pulse to the moon.

The idea of \u200b\u200bthe death ray came to Tesla thanks to the toy pistol he played with when he was a child. Funny but true. The scientist realized that the beam does not have enough energy to act with destructive power. He concluded that a laser would only be scattered over long distances with another laser. But instead, he fused microscopic granules with his death ray. However, the light stream could not be scattered in this way.

After researching a Van de Graaff electrostatic generator that used a cardboard belt to generate high voltage, Tesla decided to apply the same basic settings to create a powerful charge, but he replaced the belt with an ionized air stream, and then used that electrified stream to deflect small granules from tungsten. These molecules were fired from an open vacuum tube that was shaped like a gun.

Bifilar coil

A bifilar coil is an electromagnetic coil with two closely spaced parallel windings. In engineering, the word bifilar means a wire made of two strands. It is often used to refer to a special type of wire winding in transformers.

An example of a bifilar coil device is Nikola Tesla's 1894 US patent 512,340.